USING THE EGG PARASITOID Trichogramma evanescens WITH PHEROMONE TRAPS IN DATE PALM ORCHARDS AND WAREHOUSES TO CONTROL Ephestia spp. IN | ||
| IRAQ JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE | ||
| Article 1, Volume 19, Issue 2, April 2014, Pages 0-0 | ||
| Authors | ||
| A.A. Hameed; A.A. Al-Taweel; H.F. Al-Rubeai; A.J. Eass | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens and the pheromone traps to control Ephestia spp. in date palm orchards and then in the date warehouses. Therefore, three date palm orchards, each about 10-15 dunams , were selected in Alrashidia / Baghdad , Bohruz / Diyala and Al- hur/ Karbala. In each orchard 15-18 thousands parasitoids were released /dunam twicelly in autumn and spring. The results illustrated that the percentage of infesting dates while it was on the trees were 0.4, 0.2 and 0.8% in the above mentioned orchards respectively, in comparison with 2.5, 2.8 and 1.5% for the control orchards in the same provinces. To prove that parasitoid used was effective in controlling Ephestia spp. in the date warehouses too, three date warehouses were selected at the same provinces each contained 10 tons of date. The parasitoid was released at a rate of 70000 parasitoids /warehouse twicely. Nine pheromone traps for each Ephestia spp. were used in each warehouse for mass trapping. The results revealed that the percentages of infested dates in these date warehouses were 0.5, 1.4 and 0.5% in comparison with 15.9, 12.3 and 10.8% for the three control warehouses. Furthermore, the results also showed that the mean captured number of the three Ephestia spp . were 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2 insect /trap/month in the date warehouse in Baghdad and 0.3, 0.4 and 0.2 insect/trap/ month in the date warehouse in Diyala and 0.8, 0.2 and 0.1 insect /trap/month in the date warehouse in Karbala in comparison with 17.0, 13.8 and 6.0 insect/trap/month in Baghdad control date warehouse, 16.3, 8.3 and 3.0 insect/trap/month in Diyala control date warehouse and 13.3, 6.0 and 2.0 insect/trap/month in Karbala control date warehouses . In conclusion these results were encouraging and this biological agent with pheromone traps could be used through IPM program to control Ephestia spp. in orchards and date warehouses instead of methyl bromide or any other chemical insecticide. | ||
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