STUDY THE EFFECT OF CONTRACEPTIVES ON THE LEVEL OF THE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, VITAMIN C AND IRON IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF WOMEN | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science | ||
| Article 17, Volume 7, Issue 3, December 2013, Pages 97-101 PDF (491.18 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37652/juaps.2013.97178 | ||
| Authors | ||
| HAMEED H. ALI; NOOR A.MIZEL | ||
| University of Anbar - College of Science | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The use of contraception in all its forms (hormonal, mechanical) is spreading widely in all societies, This study was conducted to determine the effect of these barriers especially hormonal in reducing the effectiveness of some types of antioxidants. the current study was conducted in the Fallujah General Hospital , as study included 68 women using contraceptives (26 have used Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP), 29 who used Intrauterine Device (IUD), 13 who used Injection progesterone depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), average age (35 years) and 16 women in the control group the average age (33)years. been collecting blood samples from all groups for the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of some antioxidants found in serum and include the overall capacity of antioxidant (TAC), vitamin C and iron Fe element. showed the results of the current study: • The Conc.of vitamin C significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the group of women who have used (OCP) (0.77mg/dl), in the group of women who used(IUD) (0.90mg/dl), and in women who have used(DMPA)(0.97 mg/dl) when compared with control group (1.38mg/dl). • The levels of total antioxidant of capacity (TAC) significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the group of women who have used(OCP)(1.06 mmol/L) and in women who have used(IUD )(1.06 mmol/L) and in women who have used (DMPA)(0.78 mmol/L) when compared with control group (mmol/L1.62). • The Conc.of Iron significantly increased(P<0.05) in women who have used(OCP)( 3.25mg/L)and women have used(IUD) (2.88mg/L) and women have used(DMPA)( 4.03mg/L) when compared them all with the control group(1.28mg/L). | ||
| References | ||
|
1- Sies H.,“Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants,” Experimental Physiology, 82, 2, 291–295, (1997). 2- Whitaker S. H. and Pierce J. D., “Oxygen free radicals and the disease process,” Nurse Practitioner, 28, 8. 53–54,(2003).
3- Sies H., et al., “Antioxidant Function of Vitamins”, Ann NY Acad. Sci. 669:7-20,(19992).
4- Rakhshani F.and Mohammedi M.،“contraception continuation rates and reasons for discontinuation”Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 10,3,260-267, (2004).
5- Chang M.C., Hafez E.S., Merrilla A., Pincus G.,“ Effect of certain 19-nor steroids on reproductive process in animals”,Science,124:890–891,(1956).
6- Brown L., Hoong I., Doggrell S.A., “The heart as a target for oestrogens”, Heart Lung Circ;9:113–125,(2000).
7- Ling S., Komesaroff P., Sudhir K., “Cellular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular actions of estrogens”, Clin. Sci.111:107–118,(2006).
8- Saha A., De A.U., Sengupta C., “Ethinyl estradiol: its interaction on blood-lipid”,Indian.J.Exp Biol;38:906–911,(2000).
9- Chiang K., Parthasarathy S, Santanam N., “ Estrogen, neutrophils and oxidation”، Life Sci. 75:2425-2428,(2004).
10- Thibodeau P.A., Kachadourian R., Lemay R., Bisson M., Day B.J., Paquette B.,“ In vitro pro- and antioxidant properties of estrogens”, J.Steroid Biochem Mol Biol .81:227–236,(2002).
11- Jon Z.and Laurel S.,“Birth control pills.U.S.A”,chelse house;ch.6: p85, (2006).
12- Ortiz A., Hirol M., Stanczyk F.Z., et al., “Serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations and ovarian function following intramuscular injection of depo-MPA”,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 44:32–38,(1977).
13- Ortiz M.E. and Corxatto H.,“Mode of action of IUDs ”، Contraception, 36:37-53,(1987) .
14- Stanley T., David T., and Howerds S., “Selected method for the determination of ascorbic acid in Animal cells,tissues and fluids”, Method in Enzymology. (62)،(1979).
15- Sneddon J., “Advances in atomic spectroscopy”, Minor Higher Education Group Inc. 3، 2,(1997).
16- Prabhudas R., Palan, Felix S., Juraj L.,“Effects of Oral, Vaginal, and Transdermal HormonalContraception on Serum Levels of Coenzyme Q10,Vitamin E,and Total Antioxidant Activity”, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10.1155, 1–4, (2010).
17-Hsia J., Langer R. D., Manson J. E.,et al., “Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease: the women’s health initiative”، Archives of Internal Medicine، 166، 3، 357–365,(2006).
18- Blumenthal P. D. and Edelman A., “Hormonal contraception,”Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112, 3, 670–684, (2008).
19- Bagger Y.Z., Tanko L.B., Alexandersen P., Hansen H.B., Mollgaard A., Ravn P., Qvist P., Kanis J.A. and Christiansen C., “Two to three years of hormone replacement treatment in healthy women have long-term preventive effects onbone mass and osteoporotic fractures: the PERF study”, Bone 34,728–735, (2004).
20- Bahamondes L., Trevisan M., Andrade L., Marchi N.M., Castro S., Diaz J. and Faúndes A., “ The effect upon the human vaginal histology of the long-term use of the injectable contraceptive Depo- Provera”،Contraception،62، 23–27, (2000).
21- Intidhar R., Sarhat A. S., “Evaluation of serum ceruloplasmin' copper' iron and Vit.C levels in Women using oral contraceptive pills”, Tikrit Jotlnal of Phdrmsceulical Sciences، 4(2):140'146,(2008).
22- Gadjeval V., Kutchukoval D.,Aladjov2 E.and Georgieva R.,“Correlation befween plasma malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin activity in patients with malignant hematological diseases”, Trakia Journal of Sciences، 3 (2):29-33,(2005).
23- Emerit S.,Beaumonti C.,and Trivin F., “ Iron metabolism free radicals،and oxidative injury”, Biomed .pharmacother.،55:333-339,(2001).
24- Zhang A. and Enns C.،“Iron Homeostasis: Recently Identified Proteins Provide Insight Into Novel Control Mechanisms”, J. Biol. Chem.،284 (2):711-715,(2009).
25- Briggs M.,“ Vit.C requirements and oral contraceptives”, Nature., 238-240,(1972).
26- Sontakke A.N., and Umesh M.,“Changes in serurm ceruiopiasmin levels with commonly used methods in contraception”, lndian Biochem., 19(l): 102-104,(2004).
27- Wynn V.,“Vitamins and contraceptives”, Lancet،I :5 1 6,(1975)28- Horwitt M.K., Harvey C.C., DahmC.H. Jr.,“ Relationship between levels of blocd lipids, vitamins C, A, and E,scrum copper compounds. and urinaryexcretions of tryptophan metabolites in women taking oral contraceptive rherupy”, Ant. J .CIin. Nurr،28:403-412,(1975).
29-Shenfield G.M.,“Oral contraceptives،Are drug interactions of clinical significance?”, Drug .Saf.،9(l):21-t7,(1993). | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 136 PDF Download: 80 |
||