Pulmonary Function Test for Water Pipe smokers and Cigarette smokers in Males in Al- Hilla City during the Year 2014 | ||
| Medical Journal of Babylon | ||
| Article 1, Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2014, Pages 1029-1036 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hasan Alwan Baiee; Rabab Ibrahim Mahmoud | ||
| Abstract | ||
| A traditional pattern of smoking in the Middle Eastern countries is water pipe smoking. Publicly considered as a harmless entertainment. Many studies have shown that water pipe smoking associated with development of respiratory symptoms and varying degrees of reduction in the lung function.The aim of this study is to assess pulmonary functions among different groups of young male smokers: water pipe smokers, cigarette smokers, water pipe plus cigarette smokers, and compare it with a control (nonsmokers) group. This is a comparative cross-sectional study which conducted on 200 male subjects, subdivided into three groups of smokers: 50 water pipe smokers, 50 cigarette smokers and 50 water pipe plus cigarette smokers and a fourth group of 50 nonsmokers as a control group, all participants were apparently healthy and matched for sex, age, and body mass index they were selected from five primary health care centers in Hilla city. Data were collected through structured questionnaire for existence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function test was performed by portable electronic spirometer (discovery-2 USA) after gaining the participant consent. There was no significant differences between the mean ages of the study groups (p>0.05): water pipe smokers (23.96±2.66), cigarette smokers (24.762±2.25), water pipe plus cigarette smokers (24.382±2.09) and nonsmokers (24.922±2.25). The present study revealed that there was a significant reduction in the parameters of the pulmonary function test ( forced expiratory volume in one second ) (forced expiratory volume in one second / forced vital capacity % )for the three groups of smokers as compared to their expected ( predictive ) values as compared to the control group ( P < 0.001 ) .Lung function impairments were very sever in water pipe plus cigarette smokers which constituted 52% while in water pipe smokers it constituted 48%.Water pipe smoking lead to significant reduction in the lungs efficiency and increase in respiratory symptoms among young adult male water pipe smokers in Al-Hillacity.Pulmonary function test parameters were significantly reduced in Water pipe plus cigarette smokers urgent water pipe and tobacco smoking cessation campaign is strongly required . | ||
| Keywords | ||
| water pipe smoking; lungfunction; adultmales; Iraq | ||
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