Administrative and Technical Difficulties Faced by Basketball Referees in Iraq | ||
| Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences | ||
| Article 1, Volume 20, Issue 65, August 2014, Pages 283-314 PDF (0 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/rajsport.2014.89583 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Momen Emad Ahmed Al-Juwari; Khaled Mahmoud Aziz Al-Abadi | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The research objectives are : - Constructing a scale to recognize the most important administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees in Iraq. - Identifying the degree of the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees in Iraq. - Identifying the kind of relationship between the administrative and technical difficulties that face the referees . The researcher has hypothesized the following : - There were administrative and technical difficulties facing the basketball referees in Iraq. - There was a moral significant relationship among the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the referees. The researchers have used the descriptive methodology with survey style for its convenience to the nature of the research. The research community includes basketball referees working in Iraq and holding international certificates , first, second , and third degrees in the branch sport unions for basketball in Iraq as (160) referees. The sample includes two parts : the first part includes the construction sample as (120) referees working with the branch sport unions of basketball in Iraq .The second part includes the application sample as (40) referees . The questionnaire has been used as a means of collecting data .So ,the researchers have constructed a scale of administrative and technical difficulties . The scale includes (43) items .The data were treated statistically by using :the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage law, assumptirn mean, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-Test for two independent samples, Alpha coefficient, Getman equation, and Spearman Brown equation. The important results were : - The validity of the scale of the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq. - The degree of the administrative difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq was (very high) ,while the degree of the technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq was (high) and the degree of both administrative and technical difficulties was (very high ) . - There was a significant relationship between both of the administrative and technical difficulties. - The shortage in the number of basketball referees working in Iraq compared with the comprehensive approach of the central union of basketball and its branches in the governorates .There number was (160) working referees . In the light of the results , the researchers have presented a number of recommendations such as : - Applying the scale of administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees after being adapted scientifically to other individual or team sport games and activities. - The Iraqi central union of basketball and its branches in the governorates need to remove the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the referees via the coordination with the ministry of youth and sport and the sport clubs participating in the union activities. The researchers have presented the following suggestions : - Making a comparative study of the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq to the referees working with other sport unions (individual or team) according to their referring degree . - Working to issue a law of full-time referees for these who work in all sport unions during the sport season to do their tasks in the unions with preserving their formal rights at the establishments where they work in order to grant them chances of creativity. - Calling Iraqi government to increase the annual budget of the Iraqi national Olympic committee in a way that covers all the activities of the central sport unions and their branches in the governorates. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Administrative and Technical Difficulties; basketball referees; Iraq | ||
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