Non-Ablative Tattoo Removal Using Fundamental and Second Harmonic Nd:YAG Laser (Tattoo Ink Clearance Response) | ||
| Iraqi Journal of Applied Physics | ||
| Article 1, Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2014, Pages 21-26 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Susan I. Hassan; Walid K. Hamoudi; Tengku A.T. Ibrahim; Rafiuz Z. Haroun | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The quantitative and qualitative analysis of ink constituents were performed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, equipped with a transmission electron microscope to recognize any unwanted photo-reaction, unusual tattoo darkening, or allergic effects after exposure to 10 ns laser pulses. 7-11.4 J/cm2 laser fluences using single- and triple-pulse irradiation were experimented. Green tattoo ink demonstrated low absorption for both 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths, which explains the absence of darkening during the laser treatment. Tattoos containing more ink required more treatment sessions before clearing. The 1064nm laser revealed a reduction of the black tattoo pigments in different degrees due to the different quantities of ink particles injected into rabbit's skin and different laser conditions. High laser fluences (below the damage threshold) enhanced black tattoo ink removal with smaller number of laser treatment sessions. Intracellular steam formation introduces a sudden change in scattering properties of the incident laser, manifested clinically as whitening of the irradiated skin. For brown ink, the use of moderate fluence sessions at 532 nm indicated better tattoo clearance because of the higher absorption coefficient at this wavelength. The 1064nm laser effectively targeted black and brown tattoo pigments. The 532 nm wavelength showed lower clearance efficiency for black tattoo but effectively cleared brown and red pigments. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Tattoo clearance; Laser fluence; EDS; YAG Laser; Rabbit skin | ||
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