The research was conducted at Research Station B of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad in the spring season 2022-2023 with the aim of studying the growth and yield of potato tubers when planted in earthworm fertilizer and spraying with plant extracts. It was implemented as a factorial experiment 3*5 within a completely randomized block design. RCBD with three replicates. The factors included cultivating the tubers under levels of earthworm fertilizer Vermicompost at concentrations of 0.5 and 1%, which are symbol V1 and V2, respectively, as well as the control treatment without the addition of V0. Then the plants were sprayed with the extracts, namely the aqueous extract of the roots of Cypreus Rotundus, at concentrations of 5 and 10 g L-1. It has symbols T1 and T2, respectively, and the aqueous extract of Silybum marianum leaves at concentrations of 5 and 10 g L-1 has symbols T3 and T4, respectively. In addition to the Control treatment (spraying with distilled water only), which has symbol T0, the results showed a significant superiority for treating the planting with earthworm fertilizer and spraying with leaf extract. Silybum marianum (V2T4) in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the leaves, their Chlorophyll content, plant height, number of branches, total leaves, leaf area, and dry weight of branch. The weight of tubers, plant yield, and total yield 3.87, 0.380, 3.130%, 64.80 spad, 54.00 cm, 3.83 branch. plant-1, 43.00 leaf.plant-1, 94.85 dm2.plant-1, 38.50 g .plant-1, 134.25 g.tuber-1, 939.75 g. plant-1, and 125.29 tons. ha-1, respectively compared to the Control treatment (V0T0) which recorded the lowest values in all measured traits. Therefore, we recommend planting potatoes. Under a sustainable agriculture system, using 1% earthworm fertilizer and spraying with Silybum marianum leaf extract 10 g L-1 as a means of recycling and preserving the environment. |
- Al-Asady, M. H., and Al-Kikhani, A. H. (2019). Plant hormones and their physiological effects. Al-Qasim Green University. National Library and Documentation House. Iraq, 332.
- Al-Jeboori, K. D., Al-Mharib, M. Z. K., Hamdan, A. Q., and Mahmood, A. H. (2017). Effect of irrigation intervals and foliar of salicylic acid on growth and yield of potato. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 48(1): 242-247.
- Al-Khafaji, M. A. (2014) Plant Growth Organizations, the Horticultural Applications and Uses. University House for Printing, Publishing and Translation. Iraq, 348.
- Al-Khafaji, A. M., and Al-jubouri, K. D. (2022). Influence of aqueous extract of barley sprouts, trehalose, and calcium on growth, quality and yield of carrot. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(1): 133-140.
- Al-Khafaji, A. M., Al-Amri, N. J. K., and Al-Dulaimi, N. H. A. (2022). Growth, yield, and antioxidant traits of different parts of beetroot as affected by vermicompost and glutathione. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(5): 1107-1114.
- Al-Sahaf, F. H. (1989). Applied plant nutrition. The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research-Higher Education printing house-Iraq, 260.
- Al-Zaidi, M. A. H., and Al-Jumaili, M. A. H. (2022). Impact safe nutrients in raising production and chemical contents of potato. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(6): 1397-1406.
- Aziz, M., Saeed, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, A., Afzaal, M., Hussain, S., ... and Anjum, F. M. (2021). Biochemical profile of milk thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) with special reference to silymarin content. Food science and nutrition, 9(1): 244-250.
- Buweizuohere, A., Deping, W., Siqun, J., and Yixian, T. (2021). Research progress on bioactivity of total flavonoids in Cyperus esculentus leaves. Cereals Oils, 34: 21-26.
- Hönig, M., Plíhalová, L., Husičková, A., Nisler, J., and Doležal, K. (2018). Role of cytokinins in senescence, antioxidant defence and photosynthesis. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(12): 4045.
- Hussein, W. A. (2015). Propagation of potato tubers using fish pond water (Aquaculture) and microelements, Third Genetics and Environment Conference, 298-304.
- Isitua, C. C., Lozano, M. J. S., Jaramillo, C., and Dutan, F. (2015). Phytochemical and nutritional properties of dried leaf powder of Moringa oleifera Lam. from machala el oro province of ecuador. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 5(2): 8-16.
- Jackson, M. L. (1958). Soil chemical analysis prentice Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 498: 183-204.
- Jusselme, M. D., Pruvost, C., Motard, E., Giusti-Miller, S., Frechault, S., Alphonse, V., ... and Mora, P. (2019). Increasing the ability of a green roof to provide ecosystem services by adding organic matter and earthworms. Applied soil ecology, 143: 61-69.
- Kalika-Singh, S., Jaikishun, S., Ansari, A., Subramanian, G., and Gupta, R. (2021). Growth performance and production economics of eggplant (Solanum melongena) in response to vermicompost vis-a-vis a chemical fertilizer application. Journal of Natural Resource Conservation and Management, 2(2): 95-102.
- Mageed, R. G., and Hussin, W. A. (2023). The Effect of the Combination of Organic Fertilizer and Spraying with Silicon and Calcium on the Growth and Production of Three Cultivars of Beet. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1213(1): 012004.
- Mohammed, A. S., and Estefo, J. I. (2018). Effect of seeds, leaves, and roots extract plants on growth and yield of pea. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 18(2): 60-67.
- Nasralla, A. Y., Al-Hilfy, I. H., Al-Abodi, H. M., Mohammed, O. A., and Mhmood, M. (2014). Effect of spraying some plant extractions and anti-oxidant on growth and yield of sunflower. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(7-special issue): 651-659.
- Rikza, I. J., Nishi, K. N., and Rahman, M. K. (2021). Growth and yield performance of green capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) as influenced by vermicompost application grown at rooftop of Chandpur area. Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management, 7(2): 13-22.
- Salman, A. D. (2020). Effect of aqueous extracts of the sprouted seeds on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the coral lettuce cultured under the modified nutrient solution film NFT system. Revis Bionatura, 8(2): 80.
- Salman, A. D., and Abdulrasool, I. J. (2022). Effect of ozone enrichment and spraying with coconut water and moringa extract on vegetative growth and yield of broccoli plant under hydroponic system with modified NFT technology. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(2): 406-414.
- Salman, A. D., and Hussein, W. A. (2023). Effect of Blue and Red LED Light and some Plant Extract on Lettuce Growth and Yield in NFT Technique. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1158(4): 042042.
- Yu, H., and Jing, S. (2015) Research progress on chemical constituents and application of Cyperus. Food Ind, 36: 242-245.
|