Hadid, K., Alassaf, F., Abed, M. (2024). Mechanisms and Linkage of Insulin Signaling, Resistance, and Inflammation. Alustath, 21(1), 1-8. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.144181.1065
khalil Amjad Hadid; Fawaz A. Alassaf; Mohammed Najim Abed. "Mechanisms and Linkage of Insulin Signaling, Resistance, and Inflammation". Alustath, 21, 1, 2024, 1-8. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.144181.1065
Hadid, K., Alassaf, F., Abed, M. (2024). 'Mechanisms and Linkage of Insulin Signaling, Resistance, and Inflammation', Alustath, 21(1), pp. 1-8. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.144181.1065
Hadid, K., Alassaf, F., Abed, M. Mechanisms and Linkage of Insulin Signaling, Resistance, and Inflammation. Alustath, 2024; 21(1): 1-8. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.144181.1065

Mechanisms and Linkage of Insulin Signaling, Resistance, and Inflammation

Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Article 1, Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2024, Pages 1-8    PDF (1.07 M)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.33899/iphr.2023.144181.1065
Authors
khalil Amjad Hadid* 1; Fawaz A. Alassaf1; Mohammed Najim Abed2
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation is responsible for low insulin sensitivity, making obesity a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines activates several signaling pathways, consequently leading to the accumulation of fats in adipocytes and contributing to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Aim: The review aimed to provide an overview of the potential molecular correlation between the insulin signaling pathway and the inflammatory process in addition to their linkage to the development of insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases, with an exploration of the possibility of using drugs that target inflammation in the management of diabetes. Results: Based on the obtained data from the latest literature, the source of cytokines in insulin-resistant states is the insulin targets themselves including the adipose tissue and liver, but to a greater extent the activated macrophages. Prolonged inflammation in these tissues may result in systemic insulin resistance via endocrine signaling and localized insulin resistance by paracrine/autocrine cytokine signaling. Conclusion: Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes type 2, consequently, in the management of insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory agents may benefit, and the risk assessment may benefit from the use of inflammatory biomarkers in such disorders.

Highlights
  • Inflammation negatively affects the action of insulin
  • Insulin resistance causes a loss of insulin actions at baseline levels
  • Obesity is a condition of low-grade inflammation that induces insulin resistance
Keywords
Insulin; Insulin signaling; Insulin resistance; Inflammation
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