Investigation Removal Efficiency of Electrocoagulation Process as A Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Technique: Toxicity Assessment | ||
| Kirkuk Journal of Science | ||
| Article 1, Volume 18, Issue 4, December 2023, Pages 1-9 PDF (329.8 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2023.142319.1111 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohammed Azeez Othman* | ||
| Department of Environmental Sciences and Health, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The wastewater resulting from slaughtering and meat processing in slaughterhouses contains a high amount of organic matter. The discharge of these wastewaters into rivers, sewage networks or soil creates significant environmental pollution. In the present study, the treatment of wastewater from Erbil cattle and poultry slaughterhouse through an electrochemical coagulation method has been investigated. In experimental studies, the effects of current density, initial pH, and support electrolyte concentration (Na2SO4) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency have been investigated. Through numerous treatment investigations with main slaughterhouse wastewater samples, the aluminum electrodes exhibited a removal efficiency of 82.43%. at an electric current density of 20.00 mA/cm2 and pH 5. While by using iron electrodes a COD removal efficiency reached 92.52% at an electric current density of 20 mA/cm2 and pH 9. Despite the electrocoagulation (EC) lower COD, the system's effectiveness cannot be evaluated without taking the toxicity into account. for such cases, Microtox evaluations were done for the most efficient COD removal level. The electrocoagulation technique was shown to lower both toxicity and COD. As a result, it has been found that EC with iron and aluminum electrodes is an appropriate technique for treating slaughtering wastewater containing high levels of organic contaminants in terms of COD reduction and toxicity minimization. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Slaughterhouse; Wastewater; Electrochemical coagulation; COD; Toxicity | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] A. KAFTAN. Entegre et tesislerinde atık suyun yeniden kullanımı. Ankara Universitesi ¨ C¸ evrebilimleri Dergisi, 2(1): 81–88, 2010, doi:10.1501/Csaum0000000027.
[2] A. Saddoud and S. Sayadi. Application of acidogenic fixed-bed reactor prior to anaerobic membrane bioreactor for sustainable slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149(3): 700–706, 2007,doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.031.
[3] M. Elazzouzi, K. Haboubi, and M. Elyoubi. Electrocoagulation flocculation as a low-cost process for pollutants removal from urban wastewater. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 117: 614–626, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2016.11.011.
[4] E. Bazrafshan, MR. Alipour, and AH. Mahvi. Textile wastewater treatment by application of combined chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption processes. Desalination and water treatment, 57(20): 9203– 9215, 2016, doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1027960.
[5] E. Bazrafshan, L. Mohammadi, A. Ansari-Moghaddam, and AH. Mahvi. Heavy metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation process- a systematic review. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13: 74, 2015, doi:10.1186/s40201-015- 0233-8.
[6] MYA. Mollah, R. Schennach, JR. Parga, and DL. Cocke. Electrocoagulation (ec)—science and applications. journal of hazardous materials. Nuclear Data Sheets, 84(1): 29–41, 2021, doi:10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00176-5.
[7] G. Valente, R. Mendonc¸a, J. Pereira, and L. Felix. Artificial neural network prediction of chemical oxygen demand in dairy industry effluent treated by electrocoagulation. Separation and purification technology, 132: 627–633, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.053. [8] M. Nasrullah, L. Singh, Z. Mohamad, S. Norsita, Krishnan S., N. Wahida, and et al. Treatment of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation with presence of hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent and polialuminum chloride as coagulant-aid. Water Resources and Industry, 17: 7:10, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.wri.2016.11.001.
[9] MA. Othman. Removal of pesticcides from aqueous solution by electrochemical methods. PhD thesis, Anadolu University (Turkey), 2018.
[10] Z. Mohamad, AA. Razak, S. Krishnan, L. Singh, A. Zularisam, and M. Nasrullah. Treatment of palm oil mill effluent using electrocoagulation powered by direct photovoltaic solar system. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 177: 578–82, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2021.11.019.
[11] S. Bayar, YS¸. Yıldız, AE. Yılmaz, and S¸.˙Irdemez. The effect of stirring speed and current density on removal efficiency of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater by electrocoagulation method. Desalination, 280(1-3): 103–107, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.061.
[12] E. Bazrafshan, F. Kord Mostafapour, M. Farzadkia, KA. Ownagh, and AH. Mahvi. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by combined chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation process. PLOS One, 7(6): e40108, 2012, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040108.
[13] M. Reilly, AP. Cooley, D. Tito, SA. Tassou, and MK. Theodorou. Electrocoagulation treatment of dairy processing and slaughterhouse wastewaters. Energy Procedia, 161: 343–351, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.106.
[14] PV. Ngobeni, M. Basitere, and A. Thole. Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using electrocoagulation: A Review. Water Practice Technology, 17(1):38–59, 2022.
[15] M. Kobya, E. Demirbas, A. Dedeli, and M. Sensoy. Treatment of rinse water from zinc phosphate coating by batch and continuous electrocoagulation processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173(1-3): 326–334, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.092.
[16] NS. Grac¸a, AM. Ribeiro, and AE. Rodrigues. Modeling the electrocoagulation process for the treatment of contaminated water. Chemical Engineering Science, 197:379–385, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.ces.2018.12.038.
[17] E. Nariyan and Sillanpa¨a M. Aghababaei A. Removal of pharmaceutical from water with an electrocoagulation process; effect of various parameters and studies of isotherm and kinetic. Separation and Purification Technology, 188: 266–281, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.031.
[18] YA. El-Taweel, EM. Nassef, I. Elkheriany, and D. Sayed. Removal of Cr (VI) ions from waste water by electrocoagulation using iron electrode. Egyptian journal of petroleum, 24(2): 183–192, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.05.011.
[19] HK. Hansen, SF. Pena, C. Guti ˜ errez, A. Lazo, P. Lazo, ´and LM. Ottosen. Selenium removal from petroleum refinery wastewater using an electrocoagulation technique. Journal of hazardous materials, 364: 78–81, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.090.
[20] E. Gengec. Treatment of highly toxic cardboard plant wastewater by a combination of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation processes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 145: 184–92, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.032. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 183 PDF Download: 166 |
||