Blockchain Fog-based scheme for identity authentication in smart building

Varfolomeev, Alexander A.; Al-Farhani, Liwa H.

doi:10.30772/qjes.1999.180617

	Blockchain Fog-based scheme for identity authentication in smart building
Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences
Volume 16, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 218-227 PDF (613.23 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30772/qjes.1999.180617
Authors
Alexander A. Varfolomeev¹^{, 2}; Liwa H. Al-Farhani^* ²
¹Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.
²System Analysis, Control and Information Processing Department, Academy of Engineering, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for an authentication scheme for smart building systems and environments based on blockchain, its positive features, and fog computing. The most important feature that can be distinguished in the submitted proposal is its adoption of the principle of decentralization in contrast to traditional centralized documentation protocols, i.e. the proposed authentication system in which users and smart devices are implemented in a distributed and decentralized manner on the blockchain, that will provide a solution to a significant problem of low overall efficiency of the authentication process caused by a bottleneck in such important areas as computing capacity as well as centralized storage of a single authentication authority in the traditional model. There are also benefits from adding fog computing, and because it has higher computing and storage capabilities, it makes the data processing process more efficient, faster, more streamlined, and in line with the common necessities of the real-time IoT environment. The proposed scheme also provides solutions to protect the privacy of user data and increase the level of confidentiality, protection, and security, since a mysterious extractor was used to increase the confidentiality of the proposed model of the authentication system. Comparing a set of security schemes and conducting a security and performance analysis of the proposed scheme, the comparisons showed that the scheme can be characterized as having a good security level and an important efficiency level. The paper focused on specific aspects design of the authentication system, such as the registration and authentication process of all network entities, regardless of the specifics of the implementation of blockchain smart contracts.
Keywords
mart city; Blockchain, Fog-based; Authentication; Real-time

References
P. Mohanty, U. Choppali and E. Kougianos, "Everything you wanted to know about smart cities: The Internet of things is the backbone," in IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 60-70, July 2016, doi: 10.1109/MCE.2556879. Moura F., de Abreu e Silva J.,” Smart Cities: Definitions, Evolution of the Concept and Examples of Initiatives,” In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. 2019. Moch N., Wereda W.,”Smart Security in the Smart City,” Sustainability 2020, 12, 9900, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239900. Araujo, V., Mitra, K., Saguna, S., Ahlund, C. ,” Performance evaluation of FIWARE: A cloud-based IoT platform for smart cities,” Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol.132, pp.250-261,2019. Alam T.,”Cloud-Based IoT Applications and Their Roles in Smart Citie,” Smart Cities, vol.4, pp.1196-1219, 2021. M. Kanaka Sri Shalini, Y. M. Roopa and J. S. Devi, "Fog Computing for Smart Cities," International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore, India, pp. 912-916, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICCES45898.9002050. K. Saroa and R. Aron, "Fog Computing and Its Role in Development of Smart Applications," IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel & Distributed Processing with Applications, Ubiquitous Computing & Communications, Big Data & Cloud Computing, Social Computing & Networking, Sustainable Computing & Communications (ISPA/IUCC/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom), Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1120-1127, 2018, doi: 10.1109/BDCloud.2018.00166. Javadzadeh, G., Rahmani, A.M. Fog Computing Applications in Smart Cities: A Systematic Survey. Wireless Netw, vol. 26, pp. 1433–1457, 2020. M. Kamruzzaman, Bingxin Yan, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, Omar Alruwaili, Min Wu, Ibrahim Alrashdi, "Blockchain and Fog Computing in IoT-Driven Healthcare Services for Smart Cities", Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022. Fotohi R.; Shams Aliee F.,”Securing communication between things using blockchain technology based on authentication and SHA-256 to improving scalability in large-scale IoT,” Comput. Netw. vol. 197, 2021. M. Kamruzzaman et al., "Blockchain and Fog Computing in IoT-Driven Healthcare Services for Smart Cities,”Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022. P. Naria, S. Sulistyo and Widyawan, "Security and Privacy Issue in Internet of Things, Smart Building System: A Review," International Symposium on Information Technology and Digital Innovation (ISITDI), Padang, Indonesia, pp. 177-180, 2022. Bashir, M.R., Gill, A.Q. & Beydoun, G.,”Reference Architecture for IoT-Enabled Smart Buildings,” SN COMPUT. SCI. 3, vol. 493 ,2022. Aslesha and A. Sivanesh Kumar, "An Improved Integrated Solution for Novel Home Security System with various Force Points using BYOD," 3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), Trichy, India, pp. 828-831, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ICOSEC54921.2022.9951959. Singh P., Nayyar A., Kaur A. Ghosh U.,”Blockchain and Fog Based Architecture for Internet of Everything in Smart Cities,” vol. 12, 61,2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12040061. Alzoubi Y.I., Gill A. & Mishra A.,”A systematic review of the purposes of Blockchain and fog computing integration: classification and open issues,” J Cloud Comp 11, vol. 80, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00353-y. H. Al Oliwi, Z. A. Husain and R. Rafeh, "Integrating Blockchain and Internet of Things for Smart Homes," Computing, Communications and IoT Applications (ComComAp),Shenzhen,China,pp. 77-82, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ComComAp53641.9652936. Heshmati, A., Bayat, M., Doostari, M. et al.,”Blockchain based authentication and access verification scheme in smart home,” J Ambient Intell Human Comput ,2022. Al madhoun, M. Kasha, M. Alhemeiri, M. Alshehhi and K. Salah, "A User Authentication Scheme of IoT Devices using Blockchain-Enabled Fog Nodes,” IEEE/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), pp. 1-8, 2018. Cui et al., "A Hybrid BlockChain-Based Identity Authentication Scheme for Multi-WSN," in IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 241-251, 1 March-April 2020. Wazid, A. K. Das, V. Odelu, N. Kumar and W. Susilo, "Secure Remote User Authenticated Key Establishment Protocol for Smart Home Environment," in IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 391-406, 1 March-April 2020. Khalid, U, Asim, M, Baker, T, C. K. Hung, P, Adnan Tariq, M and Rafferty, L ,” A Decentralized Lightweight Blockchain-based Authentication Mechanism for IoT Systems,” Cluster Computing, vo. 23,pp. 2067-2087,2020. Kumar P, Gurtov A, Iinatti J, Ylianttila M, Sain M.,” Lightweight and secure session-key establishment scheme in smart home environments,” IEEE Sensors J, vol.16, pp.254–264, 2015. Wazid, A. K. Das, V. Odelu, N. Kumar and W. Susilo, "Secure Remote User Authenticated Key Establishment Protocol for Smart Home Environment," in IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 391-406, 1 March-April 2020. Mengxia Shuai, Nenghai Yu, Hongxia Wang, Ling Xiong, "Anonymous authentication scheme for smart home environment with provable securit", Computers & Security, vol. 86, pp. 132-146, 2019. X Xu, Y Guo, Y Guo ,”Fog-Enabled Private Blockchain-Based Identity Authentication Scheme for Smart Home‏”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 10, Available at SSRN 4052337‏ - papers.ssrn.com‏, 2022.
Statistics Article View: 5,562 PDF Download: 151