The Term of Gifts and its Cognates in the Akkadian Language | ||
| Athar Alrafedain | ||
| Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 23-62 PDF (3.66 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/aa.2023.180500 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Faten Mashallah Hamed Al-Ajili* 1; Zuhair Diaa Al-Din Saeed Al-Rifa2 | ||
| 1Graduate student / master / Department of archaeology / faculty of Archaeology / University of Mosul | ||
| 2University of Mosul Faculty of Archaeology Department of Archaeology Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| It appeared in the Akkadian linguistic dictionaries and cuneiform texts that express the term of gift and according to the time period and through the Assyrian royal antiquities that we have received from texts, temples, palaces, tombs, and etc. These examples of terms addressed the relationship of Mesopotamia with the countries of the ancient Near East. Among these terms ( Šulmanu ) which means gift, where the rules of behavior governs the relations between kings and rulers and the regular exchange of gifts between rulers is an expression of friendship. The interruption of its continuity indicates the beginning of severing relations and thus the gifts have dual functions as on the one hand they enabled the itch to obtain Rare materials locally and reinforced the issue of mutual respect and appreciation and the unification of relations between the ancient kingdoms on the other hand. It was mentioned in the Akkadian language a number of implicit and collusion formulas indicating the gift were mentioned within nominal and verbal combinations used to denote (send, give, present) bearing the meaning of the gift as an indication of the gift from it (Ídu, edu) means to give as well as to mean (Kanāku) give or receive under seal (correspond through sealed documents) and (Ma ḫ aru) “take or receive” documents that appeared especially in the contents of administrative texts. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Gift; Grant; Akkadian Language; Term; Synonym | ||
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