Mohammad, S., Iqbal, Q., Al-Qazaz, H., Haider, S., Shanshal, S., Saleem, F. (2023). COVID-19 and Hand Hygiene: Has the Pandemic Heightened Mothers’ Awareness in Quetta City, Pakistan?. Alustath, 20(2), 90-98. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.141961.1049
Sameera Mohammad; Qaiser Iqbal; Harith Al-Qazaz; Sajjad Haider; Sadeel Shanshal; Fahad Saleem. "COVID-19 and Hand Hygiene: Has the Pandemic Heightened Mothers’ Awareness in Quetta City, Pakistan?". Alustath, 20, 2, 2023, 90-98. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.141961.1049
Mohammad, S., Iqbal, Q., Al-Qazaz, H., Haider, S., Shanshal, S., Saleem, F. (2023). 'COVID-19 and Hand Hygiene: Has the Pandemic Heightened Mothers’ Awareness in Quetta City, Pakistan?', Alustath, 20(2), pp. 90-98. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.141961.1049
Mohammad, S., Iqbal, Q., Al-Qazaz, H., Haider, S., Shanshal, S., Saleem, F. COVID-19 and Hand Hygiene: Has the Pandemic Heightened Mothers’ Awareness in Quetta City, Pakistan?. Alustath, 2023; 20(2): 90-98. doi: 10.33899/iphr.2023.141961.1049

COVID-19 and Hand Hygiene: Has the Pandemic Heightened Mothers’ Awareness in Quetta City, Pakistan?

Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Volume 20, Issue 2, December 2023, Pages 90-98    PDF (709.07 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33899/iphr.2023.141961.1049
Authors
Sameera Mohammad1; Qaiser Iqbal1; Harith Al-Qazaz2; Sajjad Haider1; Sadeel Shanshal2; Fahad Saleem* 1
1Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
2Department of Clinical pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Abstract
Background: Supported by evidence-based literature, hand hygiene (HH) is one of the cost-effective and simple preventive measures against COVID-19. The phenomenon is least reported in the developing world. Methods: We therefore were interested in assessing whether the COVID-19 had influenced knowledge and practice of HH and to highlight the determinants of HH among mothers of children under five years of age. This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional predictive analysis. Four hundred and seventeen mothers of children under five years of age visiting a public healthcare institute were targeted for data collection by using a pre-validated, structured questionnaire. Data were coded and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Followed by the descriptive analysis, the binary logistic regression was used to find the predictors of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward HH. Although adequate insight into HH was reported, certain areas of misconceptions were also observed. Results: Educational level was significantly associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice items and the Jonckheere-Terpstra test revealed a moderate positive trend (τ = 0.3 – 0.5) toward higher education. The binary logistic regression model had eight independent variables and all predictors were statistically significant (χ2 = 18.5, p < 0.001, DF =4). The strongest predictor of knowledge, attitude, and practice was education with significant OR of 2.5, 1.6, and 1.5, respectively. The study managed to highlight good HH among mothers, however; certain limitations were observed. Such limitations are related to a lack of health literacy that needs to be addressed as early as possible. Adequate HH ensures exceptional preventive measures against COVID-19 that provides a surety of an ailment-free environment. Conclusion: We urge the healthcare professionals and policymakers to target improving health literacy of the masses and to disseminate HH-related information that will help in management of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Keywords
Hand hygiene; Mothers; Under-5  years old children; COVID-19
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