Ezenkwa, C., Elogu, T. (2023). Uncracked Palm Kernel Shell Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete. Alustath, 41(11), 1266-1273. doi: 10.30684/etj.2023.140014.1460
Chidiebere S. Ezenkwa; Thaddeus I. Elogu. "Uncracked Palm Kernel Shell Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete". Alustath, 41, 11, 2023, 1266-1273. doi: 10.30684/etj.2023.140014.1460
Ezenkwa, C., Elogu, T. (2023). 'Uncracked Palm Kernel Shell Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete', Alustath, 41(11), pp. 1266-1273. doi: 10.30684/etj.2023.140014.1460
Ezenkwa, C., Elogu, T. Uncracked Palm Kernel Shell Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete. Alustath, 2023; 41(11): 1266-1273. doi: 10.30684/etj.2023.140014.1460

Uncracked Palm Kernel Shell Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete

Engineering and Technology Journal
Article 9, Volume 41, Issue 11, November 2023, Pages 1266-1273    PDF (645.08 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2023.140014.1460
Authors
Chidiebere S. Ezenkwa* 1; Thaddeus I. Elogu2
1Civil Engineering Dept., Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria.
2Civil Engineering Dept., Madonna University, P.M.B 05, Elele, Rivers State, Enugu, Nigeria.
Abstract
In recent times, the production of concrete has become a significant concern due to the rapid population growth and the depletion of raw materials. In this research, we investigated the use of Uncracked Palm Kernel Shell (UPKS) as a replacement for crushed granite in concrete production, with replacement percentages of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100%. The concrete mix combined Ordinary Portland Cement with river sand and coarse aggregates (granite and UPKS). The properties of fresh concrete were assessed using the slump test, while the compressive strength test was conducted after curing the samples for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. A total of 60 concrete cubes were cast for this study. Our findings indicate that the workability of concrete decreased as the percentage of UPKS replacement for granite increased. Additionally, the compressive strength of the concrete decreased with higher percentages of UPKS replacement. On the 28th day of curing, the control concrete achieved a strength of 28.59 N/mm². However, concrete containing 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% uncracked palm kernel shells achieved average strengths of 20.74 N/mm², 18.22 N/mm², 15.31 N/mm², and 12.23 N/mm², respectively. This represents a 27%, 36%, 46%, and 57% decrease in strength compared to the control concrete. Our study reveals that concrete with 10% to 30% replacement of granite with uncracked palm kernel shell can produce eco-friendly lightweight grade 15/20 concrete, making it suitable for sustainable construction. The developed model was tested and found adequate for predicting the concrete properties.

Highlights
  • Grade C20 concrete was obtained for CC10,90 on the 28th day of curing.
  • Grade C15 concrete was obtained for CC20,80 and CC30,70 on the 28th day of curing.
  • A predictive model with a good coefficient of determination was formulated.
  • The adequacy of the model was verified using a student’s t-test.
Keywords
Uncracked palm kernel shell; Concrete; Curing; Compressive strength; Predictive model
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