Geographical Distribution of Decreasing Wild Plant Species in the Desert of Western Iraq | ||
IRAQI JOURNAL OF DESERT STUDIES | ||
Article 6, Volume 13, Issue 1, June 2023, Pages 51-61 PDF (1.88 M) | ||
Document Type: Research Paper | ||
DOI: 10.36531/ijds.2023.139005.1029 | ||
Authors | ||
Mohammed Othman Mousa* 1; Suad Shallal Shahatha2; Inam Mohammed Ayyed2; Abdal-lateef Mahmood Ali3; Nihad Abood2; Fadhil Hussein Mukhlif2; Abdulkarem Ahmed meklef3 | ||
1Desert Development Department - Center for Desert Studies - University of Anbar - Ramadi - Anbar Governorate | ||
2Center of Desert Studies, University of Anbar, Iraq | ||
3Center of Desert Studies, University of Anbar, Ramadi, 31001, Iraq. | ||
Abstract | ||
Over the past three decades, and based on field trips in the Western Desert District of Iraq, the distribution of a specific group of wild plant species diminishing has been followed up due to environmental conditions and climatic changes that occurred in this region. This study resulted in the registration of 12 wild species suffering from a state of decreasing, they are: Anastatica hierochuntica L., Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & kit., Calligonum tetrapterum Jaub. & Spach, Convolvulus oxyphyllus Boiss., Ferula ovina Boiss., Ferula rutbaensis C.C. Towns., Leontic leontopetalum H. Karst., Limonium lobatum (L. f.) Chaz., Prunus arabica (Oliv.) Meikle, Rheum palaestinum Feinbrun, Scorzonera papposa DC., Scorzonera schweinfurthii Boiss.. Maps of the species distribution were drawn according to the field trips, photographing their habitats with data such as common names, plant nature, duration and family name. The dry plant specimens were deposited in Anbar University Herbarium, with numbers 3750 to 3773, and by two samples for each species, which included information about each species. This study concluded that direct human intervention such as random plowing, excessive logging and early grazing, as well as the lack of rain, soil degradation, sand encroachment and climatic changes, all are negative factors that have led to a decrease in plant populations the Western District of Iraq, Therefore, this area is viewed with interest and work to preserve these plant species, which contributes to the recovery of this vital District. | ||
Keywords | ||
wild plants; decreasing species; geographical distribution; western desert; Iraq | ||
References | ||
Al-Khateeb, M. (1973). Desert rang of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture and agrarian reform. Iraq. P. 440.
Al-Mayah, A. A., Taha, S. A. & Abdulzahra, E. M. (2018). Plant Biodiversity and Vegetation Analysis of Chilat, North Tib, Amara Persian Foothills District-Iraq. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences. 7:(1):18-25.
Al-Rawi, A. (1964). Wild Plants of Iraq with their Distribution. Tech. Bull. No. 14. Genetic Agriculture Reserch Project. Ministry of Agriculture Government Press. P.232.
Al-Snafi, A. E. (2022). Medicinal plants with cholinesterase inhibitory activity and their applications. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 19(1), 235-248.
Ananbeh, Y., Lahham, J. El Oqlah, A. Al-Quraan, N. Abulaila, K. & Shudiefat, M. (2022). On the Flora of the Northeastern Desert of Jordan. Jordan Journal of Natural History. 9(1), 24-40.
Ansari, A. A., Siddiqui, Z. H. Alatawi, F. A. Alharbi, B. M. & Alotaibi, A. S. (2022). An Assessment of Biodiversity in Tabuk Region of Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review. Sustainability. 14(17), 155-164.
Awad, Z. J. & AL-Ghabban, S. L. S. (2022). Photochemical study of flavonoid " isovitexin" present in the whole plant Anastatica hieroch untica L. cultivated in Iraq. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results. 13(4), 146-151.
Batanouny, K. H. & Sheikh, M. Y. (1972). Ecological Observations along Baghdad‐Huseiba Road. Western Desert, Iraq with 2 figures. Feddes Repertorium. 83(4), 245-263.
Ghazanfar, S.A.& Edmonson, J.R. (2013). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 5, part 2: Lythraceae to Campanulaceae, London, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. P.349.
Ghazanfar, S.A. & Edmonson, J.R. (2016). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 5, part 1: Elatinaceae to Sphenocleaceae. London, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. P. 285.
Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J. R. & Nicholas hind, D. J. (2019). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 6. Compositae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. P.285.
Guest, E. (1966). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 1. Ministry of Agriculture of Iraq. P.213.
Habib, I. M., Al-Ani, T. A. Al-Mufti, M. M. Al-Tawil, B. H. & Takessian, B. A. (1971). Plant indicators in Iraq. Plant and Soil. 34(1): 405-414.
Haloob, A., Ajeel, A. J. Al-Kaisi, S. T. Abbas, N. D. Hamshkan, R. S. Fadhil, R. M. Abd Al-Razzag Z. & Qassim, M. (2018). Illustrated Flora of Lowland Iraq. Vol.1, part2. upper plains and foothills subdivision. Ministry of Agriculture, National Herbarium of Iraq. P.108.
Haloob, A., Al-Kaisi, S. T. Abbas N. D., Hamshkan, R. S. Alwan, H. A. Fadhil, R. M. Hadi, N. J. Qassim, M. Faid, S. & Muaiad, S. (2016). Illustrated Flora of Lowland Iraq. Vol. 1, part 1. upper plains and foothills subdivision. Ministry of Agriculture, National Herbarium of Iraq. P.161.
Mill, R. R. (2013). New taxa of convolvulus (Convolvulaceae) from the Arabian Peninsula. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 70(2): 367-379.
Mohammed, F. S., Günal, S. Şabik, A. E. Akgül, H. & Sevindik, M. (2020). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Scorzonera papposa collected from Iraq and Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 23(5), 1114-1118.
Mousa, M. (2018). Plant biodiversity of the Rutba-Dam region in west of Iraq. Iraqi Journal of desert studies. 8(1), 41-55.
Othman, O. M. (2022). Taxonomic – Ecological Comparison of Some Species of The Brassicaceae Family in Western Desert District – Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Anbar. P.224.
Radford, A. E., Dikison, W. C. Massey, J. R. & Bell, C. R. (1974). Vascular Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New York. P.891.
Rechinger, K. H. (1964). Flora of Lowland Iraq. Weinheim, Verlag Von J. Gramer, Wein. (PP. 235-240).
Saeed, J. F. (2017). Ecology and geographical distribution of the genus Ferula L. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) grown in Iraq. Diyala Journal for Pure Science. 13 (3), 67-75.
Saeed, J. F. (2021). Vascular Plants of Bani Harir Mountain (Harir intramural bound). Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 33(5), 57-68.
Susa, A. A. (2015). Anatomy study of epidermal cell for genus Scorzonera L. Compositae (Asteraceae) in Iraq. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of pure science. 20(1), 117-145.
Thalen, D.C.P. (1979). Ecology and Utilization of Desert Shrub Rangelands in Iraq. Publishers The Hague, Natherlands. P.636.
Townsend, C. C. & Guest, E. (1966). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 2. Ministry of Agriculture. Republic of Iraq. P.184.
Townsend, C. C. & Guest, E. (1980). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 4. (2) Cornaceae to Rubiaceae. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Baghdad. P.627. | ||
Statistics Article View: 151 PDF Download: 250 |