A Hybrid Digital Image Watermarking By Using DWT and LSB Method | ||
| IRAQI JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, COMMUNICATIONS, CONTROL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING | ||
| Volume 22, Issue 4, December 2022, Pages 115-126 PDF (972.06 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: https://doi.org/10.33103/uot.ijccce.22.4.9 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zainab F. Makhrib* ; Abdulamir A. karim | ||
| Computer Science Department, university of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The Digital watermarking is a field of information hiding that entails hiding the crucial information in the original data in order to prevent illegal duplication and distribution of multimedia data such as image, video, text and ect.. In this paper, we present two techniques to embed watermarks in the cover image. The first is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method, which is a spatial domain technique and considered fragile against attacks and other operations. The second method is the frequency domain technique, which uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and is considered robust against attacks. The efficiency and performance of these techniques are evaluated based on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). From the results, the value of PSNR is above 37 dB, which ensures better imperceptibility and shows better robustness. The comparison between the two techniques shows that the hybrid method was more robust than the LSB method, hence it achieves good invisibility. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Digital watermarking; Least Significant Bit (LSB); Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT); spatial domain; frequency domain | ||
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