Study the Forced Convection of a Hybrid Nanofluid in a Square Channel Partially Filled with a Porous Media Using the K-epsilon Turbulence Model | ||
| Kerbala Journal for Engineering Science | ||
| Article 4, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2023, Pages 47-61 PDF (1.52 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Article | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sarmad A. Ali* 1; Suhad A. Rasheed2 | ||
| 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The use of joint technologies to improve the heat transfer process in engineering and industrial applications enhances the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number, thus increasing its thermal efficiency and performance for these applications for example (air conditioning systems, solar energy systems, storage tanks, and heat exchangers). This paper presents a numerical simulation using (the k-epsilon turbulence) model to investigate the influence of forced convection heat transfer and fluid flow for a channel (square cross-section) of a length (50 cm), width of (12 cm), and height (12 cm) partially filled with height layer (8 cm) of the porous medium (Glass Spheres of diameter 5mm) with the addition of hybrid nanofluids (HNF) to the base fluid (Engine Oil) as a combined technique to obtain the best improvement, where the three- dimensional (3D) test model was designed using the commercial code COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 program in two cases, the first does not contain any addition to the improvement, and the second contains the joint techniques (porous media and HNF), the governing equations for the turbulent flow of the fluid (mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, energy conservation equation) were solved. The results showed that the temperature, velocity, and pressure distribution of the base fluid in a test section increases significantly using these techniques and enhances the heat transfer coefficient compared to the results for the test section without these additions. In addition, the temperature distribution increases with the increase in the axial length of the fluid flow in the test section of the channel. The results of this study also showed that the porous material leads to obstruction of the fluid flow, and thus the thickness of the boundary layer decreases, and the shape of the temperature and velocity distribution changes along the test section. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Forced Convection; Partially Filled; Hybrid Nanofluid; porous media; Square Channel; k-epsilon turbulence model | ||
| References | ||
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