English Reference
- Ibn Manzoor, Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Makram (d. 711 AH / 1311 AD) 1994, Lisan al-Arab, Dar Sader, Beirut, 3rd edition.
- Al-Asma'i, Abd al-Malik bin Qareeb bin Abd al-Malik bin Ali (d. 216 AH / 828 CE), the derivation of names, verified it and commented on its footnotes, Salah al-Din al-Hadi, Al-Khanji Library, Cairo.
- Al-Maqrizi, Ahmed bin Ali (d. 845 AH / 1441 AD), 1958, behavior to know the states of kings, investigation by Muhammad Mustafa Ziyadah, Cairo.
- ____, Relief of the Nation by Revealing Grief, investigation by Madiha Al-Sharqawi, Cairo, 2nd edition,.
- Al-Sakhawi, Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman (d. 902 AH / 1497 AD), Al-Tabr al-Masbouk fi Dhil al-Suluk, verified and commented on its footnotes by Abd al-Ala Daoud, Bulaq Press.
- Ibn Ayas, Muhammad bin Ahmad (d. 930 AH / 1524 AD), 2008, Bada'i al-Zuhur fi Waqa'i al-Dahur, investigation by Muhammad Mustafa, six parts, Dar al-Kutub, Cairo, 2nd Edition.
- Ibn al-Furat, Muhammad bin Ali (d. 807 AH / 1405 AD), 1936, The History of Ibn al-Furat, investigation by Ghali Abd al-Rahman, Beirut.
- Abu al-Mahasen, Jamal al-Din ibn Yusuf ibn Taghri Bardi (d. 874 AD), 1984, The Brilliant Stars in the Kings of Egypt and Cairo, investigation by Jamal Mahrez and Fahim Shalenoun, the Egyptian General Book Organization, Cairo.
- Al-Sobki, Taj al-Din Abd al-Wahhab (d. 771 AH / 1369 CE), Resurrecting Blessings and Exterminator of Stars, investigation by Muhammad Ali al-Najjar, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Cairo.
- Ibn Tulun, Muhammad al-Salhi al-Dimashqi (d. 953 AH / 1546 AD), 1962, Fruits of the Khalan fi Accidents of Time, History of Egypt and the Levant, two parts, investigation by Muhammad Mustafa, Arab Book Revival House, Cairo.
- • Ibn Tulun, 1984, Al-Wari flags, who was appointed deputy of the Turks in Greater Damascus, Damascus, investigated by Muhammad Ahmed Dahman, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, 2nd edition.
- Ibn Touq, Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad (d. 915 AH / 1509 CE), 2002, commentary, investigated by Jaafar al-Muhajir, Beirut, 2nd edition.
- Al-Homsi, Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Omar (d., 934 AH / 1527 AD), 1999, Accidents of Time and the Deaths of Sheikhs and Peers, 3 parts, investigated by Omar Tadmuri, Al-Maktaba Al-Asriyyah, Beirut, 1st edition.
- Al-Ghazi, Najm al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad (d. 1061 AH / 1651 AD), 1997, Planets Walking in the Tenth Hundred Years, three parts, investigated by Khalil al-Mansouri, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiya, Beirut.
- Al-Humairi, Muhammad bin Abdullah (d. 900 AH / 1496 AD), 1980, Al-Rawd Al-Muttar fi Khair Al-Aqtar, investigation by Ihsan Abbas, Nasser Foundation for Culture, Beirut, 2nd Edition.
- Al-Halabi, Akram Hassan, 1982, Damascus between the era of the Mamluks and the Ottomans 1500-1520, a historical and social study, Damascus, 1st edition.
- Amin, Abdel Aziz, 2009, The Egyptian Society in the Mamluk Era, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Maarif, Cairo.
- Zaytoun, Adel, The History of the Mamluks, Damascus University Publications.
- Menoufy, Ezz El-Din Khalil, d. T, the general conditions in Egypt in the era of the Mamluk sultans, d. M.
- Abdel Baseer, Bassiouni, 1961, Social Life in Egypt during the Mamluk Era, Dar Al Harf, Beirut.
- Ashour, Saeed Abdel-Fattah, 1976, The Mamluk Era in Egypt and the Levant, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2nd edition.
- Ghallab, Mona Muhammad, 1967, Social Movements in Egypt, during the reign of the Mamluk Sultans, Cairo, 2nd Edition.
- Al-Hussein, Qusay, 1987, Arabic Literature in the Mamluk and Ottoman Era, The Egyptian Library, Cairo.
- Abdel Ghafour, Laila, 1971, Social Movements in the Levant, Dar Al-Qalam, Beirut.
- Al-Nasser, Muhammad Ali, 1971, Damascus in the Mamluk era, Damascus.
- Barghout, Abdel-Wadoud, 1974, Social Aspects of the History of Damascus, 2nd Edition, Amman.
- Saado, Muhammad Ali, 1987, Damascus between the past and the present, Dar Al-Naba', Damascus.
- Khalil, Antoine, 1999, Damascus in the era of the Mamluk state, Beirut.
- Al-Najjar, Muhammad Ragab, 1981, Tales of Al-Shattar and Al-Ayarien in Arab Heritage, World of Knowledge series, Kuwait.
- Al-Hajji, Hayat Nasser, 1984, General Conditions in the Mamluk Rule 678-784 AH / 1279-1382 AD, Dar Al-Falah, Kuwait, 1st edition.
- Al-Nabulsi, Abdullah Atta, 1976, History of the Levant from the Islamic Conquest until the Ottoman Era, Knowledge Foundation, London.
- Adel, Abdullah, 1961, Studies in Levantine Society, 2nd Edition, Damascus.
- Badran, Abdel-Qader, 1985, "The Regret of the Ruins and the Conquest of the Imagination", investigated by Zuhair Al-Shawish, The Islamic Bureau, Beirut.
- Al-Qadi, Asaad Muhammad, 1966, The History of the Prosecution of Damascus in the Mamluk Era, Dar Al-Ummun, Beirut.
- Mahmoud, Mohamed El-Sayed, 1981, Social Movements in Islamic Societies, Dar Al-Nahda, Cairo.
- Mahmoud, Shaker, 1991, Islamic history, the Mamluk era 696-923 AH, the Islamic Office, Beirut, 2nd edition.
- Nazmi, Khalil Bey, d. T, the Ottoman conquest of Egypt, d. M.
Localized references
- Ashtour, AT, d. T, Economic and Social History of the Middle East in the Middle Ages, Dar Qutaiba, Cairo, 1st edition.
- Lapidus, Ira, 1987, Cities of the Levant in the Mamluk Era, translated by Ali Madi, Al-Ahlia Publishing House, Beirut.
Unexpressed references
- Fabri, Felix, 1975, voyage in Egypt, Paris.
- Tim, Temple, 1988, History of Damascus, London.
Research and studies
- Badr, Abd al-Khaleq, 1981, The Egyptian Society, the Late Mamluk Era, Al-Urwah Magazine, Issue 24, Fez.
- Imam, Ali Abdel-Taher, 1959, Diseases and Epidemics in Arab Societies, Culture Magazine, No. 18, Baghdad.
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