Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Among Anaesthesiologists and Anaesthesia Technicians in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq | ||
| Al- Anbar Medical Journal | ||
| Article 7, Volume 19, Issue 1, June 2023, Pages 36-41 PDF (334.5 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original articles | ||
| DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.178119 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Yahya A. Mohammed* 1; Mohammed A. Mohammed2; Khalida I. Rajab3 | ||
| 1Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Higher Health Institution, Anbar Health Directorate, Anbar, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Biochemistry, Anbar Educational Directorate, Anbar, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Almaarif University College, Anbar, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Anesthesiologists and their assistants, who have extensive skills and powerful impact, are major contributors to the COVID-19 management team. However, the procedures they perform expose them to the danger of infection. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence rate of COVID-19 among anesthesiologists and the assistant staff in Al Anbar Governorate and factors that might affect the rate of infection. Materials and Methods: A prospective survey study was conducted for the anesthesiologists and anesthetist assistants who worked in any hospital (12 in number) in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The agreed participants were contacted by phone. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for each participant. Results: Of 214, there were 100 participants responded to the questionnaires with a response rate of 46.7%. The prevalence of COVID-19 among them was 93%. The majority of the subjects were from the age group ≤ 40 years (65%), males (67%), and non-smokers (73%). Most of the individuals were sub-staff (90%), with a service duration of 1-2 years (44%), work in the operative room (60%), and they were not worked in an isolation hall (58%). There was no statistically significant difference between infected and non-infected groups regarding the above-mentioned variables (P-value > 0.05). The majority of the participants (92%) were vaccinated. There were 4 out of 92 from the vaccinated group and 3 out of 8 from the non-vaccinated group got an infection with a statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.0001). The majority (83) of the participants were taken the Pfizer vaccine. Most of the infected subjects with mild severity. Besides, there was a statistically significant difference between COVID-19 severity and the timing of the infection (P-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 among the participants was 93%. Vaccination could have a protective effect against the disease. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| prevalence; Coronavirus; Anesthesiologist; Anesthesia; COVID-19 | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] L. Meng, F. Hua, and Z. Bian, “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine,” J. Dent. Res., vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 481–487, 2020.
[2] J. T. Wu, K. Leung, and G. M. Leung, “Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study,” Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10225, pp. 689–697, 2020.
[3] D. S. Hui et al., “The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China,” Int. J. Infect. Dis., vol. 91, pp. 264–266, 2020.
[4] H. Ghazzay, R. M. Al-Ani, M. A. Khalil, and A. F. Hammad, “Socio-clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease in Anbar Governorate, Iraq,” J. Emerg. Med. Trauma Acute Care, vol. 2021, no. 1, p. 8, 2021.
[5] R. M. Al-Ani, “Smell and Taste Abnormalities due to COVID-19,” Al-Anbar Med. J., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–2, 2020.
[6] W. Guan et al., “Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 382, no. 18, pp. 1708–1720, 2020.
[7] Q. Han, Q. Lin, S. Jin, and L. You, “Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line,” J. Infect., vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 373–377, 2020.
[8] D. Chen et al., “Hypokalemia and clinical implications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),” MedRxiv, 2020.
[9] T. W. Leulseged et al., “Laboratory biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and outcome: Findings from a developing country,” PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 3, p. e0246087, 2021.
[10] S. Kumar, S. Palta, R. Saroa, and S. Mitra, “Anesthesiologist and COVID-19—current perspective,” J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol., vol. 36, no. Suppl 1, p. S50, 2020.
[11] C. Aksu, S. Cesur, A. Kuş, and K. Toker, “General anesthesia practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A cohort study with a national survey,” Cureus, vol. 12, no. 10, 2020.
[12] R. M. Al-Ani and A. F. AL-Ubaide, “Surgical Care and Resident Education during COVID-19 Pandemic,” Al-Anbar Med. J., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 49–54, 2021.
[13] J. Wang et al., “Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China,” Vaccines, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 482, 2020.
[14] F. Zheng et al., “Clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Hubei, China,” Curr. Med. Sci., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 275–280, 2020.
[15] N. Krieger, J. T. Chen, and P. D. Waterman, “Excess mortality in men and women in Massachusetts during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10240, p. 1829, 2020.
[16] E. Bischof, J. Wolfe, and S. L. Klein, “Clinical trials for COVID-19 should include sex as a variable,” J. Clin. Invest., vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 3350–3352, 2020.
[17] M. Betron, A. Gottert, J. Pulerwitz, D. Shattuck, and N. Stevanovic-Fenn, “Men and COVID-19: Adding a gender lens,” Glob. Public Health, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1090–1092, 2020.
[18] P. Bauer, J. Brugger, F. König, and M. Posch, “An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis,” Sci. Rep., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2021.
[19] M. O. Nour and H. A. Natto, “COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and trust among adults in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study,” J. Egypt. Public Health Assoc., vol. 97, no. 1, p. 17, 2022.
[20] M. Schwarzinger, V. Watson, P. Arwidson, F. Alla, and S. Luchini, “COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics,” Lancet Public Heal., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. e210–e221, 2021.
[21] F. Ahamed, S. Ganesan, A. James, and W. A. Zaher, “Understanding perception and acceptance of Sinopharm vaccine and vaccination against COVID–19 in the UAE,” BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2021.
[22] A. L. Fink and S. L. Klein, “The evolution of greater humoral immunity in females than males: implications for vaccine efficacy,” Curr. Opin. Physiol., vol. 6, pp. 16–20, 2018.
[23] E. P. Scully, J. Haverfield, R. L. Ursin, C. Tannenbaum, and S. L. Klein, “Considering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes,” Nat. Rev. Immunol., vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 442–447, 2020.
[24] R. K. Institute, “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Daily situation report of the Robert Koch Institute,” 2020.
[25] S. Jakhmola, B. Baral, and H. C. Jha, “A comparative analysis of COVID-19 outbreak on age groups and both the sexes of population from India and other countries,” J. Infect. Dev. Ctries., vol. 15, no. 03, pp. 333–341, 2021.
[26] J. Diesel et al., “COVID-19 vaccination coverage among adults—United States, December 14, 2020–May 22, 2021,” Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., vol. 70, no. 25, p. 922, 2021.
[27] M. Abdulkader and M. Merza, “The evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination program in Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan: challenges and solutions,” J. Res. Heal., vol. 12, no. 4, p. 2, 2022. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 243 PDF Download: 294 |
||