Studying the Seasonal Activity of Termites Microcerotermes diversus Silv. using Bait Stations in Nineveh Governorate | ||
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences | ||
Article 14, Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2023, Pages 175-183 PDF (1 M) | ||
Document Type: Research Paper | ||
DOI: 10.58928/ku23.14114 | ||
Authors | ||
Wadhah A. Al-jebory* 1; Nabil M. AL-Mallah2 | ||
1Directorate of Agriculture Salah Al-din, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq | ||
2College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq | ||
Abstract | ||
The study was conducted in the forest nursery of the Department of Forestry / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul, The results showed that the number of ground workers varied significantly among them according to the stations and the date of examination, and that the first appearance of the workers inside these traps was in the fourth week of April, with an average of 26.67 99 workers / station at the averages of 29 °C and 64.7% for the temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The number of worker bees reached its peak on 1/5 with an average of 99 workers / station at the mean averages of 33°C and 60% for the temperature and relative humidity, respectively. After that, the numbers of these workers continued to gradually decrease in numbers to disappear (zero / station), in the last week of June and the first week of July 1/7/2021, at averages of 42 °C and 33% of the temperature and relative humidity, respectively. To reappear again and forcefully, at the beginning of the second week of September, with an average of 134.67 workers / station, at an average of 38 °C and 30% of the temperature and relative humidity. The presence of this insect continued after that during the months of October and the first week of November, to disappear again. again during the second week of November, specifically on 112021/15/, and for all used bait stations (zero / station), at averages of 25 °C and 60% of the temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The results of the study of the correlation between temperatures and relative humidity on the one hand, and the number of these workers during the study period 2021 showed that there was a negative and insignificant correlation (-0.212) between the number of land workers and the average temperature, while the correlation was positive and insignificant (0.227 +) between the number of ground workers and humidity Relativity. | ||
Keywords | ||
Seasonal activity; Microcerotermes diversus; Bait Stations | ||
References | ||
[1]Su,N.Y.and Scheffrahn, R.H.(2000).Termites as pests of buildings. Economic entomology 86 (5):1453-1457.
[2]Rouland-Lefevre ,C. (2011). Termites as pest of agriculture. In:Bignell DE et al (eds) Biology of termites : a modern synthesis.Springer, New York ,pp 499-517.
[3]Atsbha, G.,and Hinsta M. (2018). Evaluation of chemical , botanical and cultural management options of termite in Tanqua Abergelle distric , Ethiopia , African J . Plant science , 12(5) : 98-104 pp.
[4][Grohmann, C., Oldeland, J., Stoyan, D. and Linsenmair, E. (2010). Multi-scale pattern analysis of a mound building Termite Species: Journal of the International Union for the study of Social Insects, 57(4), 367-494.
[5]Mohammed, M., Abiodun, F. and Jibia, B. (2014). Denudation Effect of Termitaria and Characterization of Associated Termite Species in Lafia Nasarawa State: European Scientific Journal 10(30), 185-195.
[6]Ohkuma, M., Yuzawa, H., Amornsak, W., Sornnuwat, Y., Takematsu, Y.,Yamad, A., Vongkaluang,C., Sarnthoy,O., Kirtibutr, N.,Noparatnaraporn, N.,Kudo, T., and Inoue,T(2003).Molecular phylogeny of Asian termite (Isoptera) of the families Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae based on mitochondrial COII Sequences. Molcular phylogenetics and Evolution, 31: 701-710.
[7]Al-Mallah, Nizar Mustafa (2010). Al-Mallah's Dictionary of Common Scientific and Arabic Names of Harmful Insects in the Arab World. Al-Yazuri Scientific House for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, Amman. 766 pages.
[8]The Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, League of Arab States (1976). A study on the termite problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Iraqi Republic and the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arab Organization for Agricultural Development Press.
[9]Al-Alawi, Saadi Abdel-Mohsen (1987). Taxonomic studies of the land in Iraq, PhD thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
[10]Zarzis, Salem Jamil and Muhammad, Muhammad Abdul Karim (1992). Orchard insects, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul - Dar Al-Kutub for printing and publishing. 542 pages.
[11]Al-Jassani, Radhi Fadel (1996). Evaluation of some physical measures and chlorfite pesticide 48% TC in protecting buildings from infection with the termite (Isoptera: Termitidae) Microcerotermes diversus Doctoral dissertation. College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad.
[12]Su,N.Y.(2003).Overview of the global distribution and control of the Formosan subterranean termite .Sociobiology 41:7-16.
[13]Abe,T., Bignell, D . E. and Higsh,M.(2000). Termites Evolution, Symbiosis, Ecology.Kluwer Acdemic, Dordrecht/Nowell pp.77-93.
[14]Su,N.Y. and Scheffrachn, R.H(1993). Laboratory evalution of two chitin synthesis inhibitors Hexaflumuron and Diflubenzuron, as bait toxicants against Formosan and Eastern subterranean termites(Isoptera:Rhinotrmitidae).J. Econ. Entomol. 65, 1254-1259.
[15]Su,N.Y.;Scheffrahn,R.H.and Cabrera,B.(2001).Native Subteranean termite:Reticulitermes flavipes(Kollar), Reticultermes svirginicus(Banks), Reticulitermes. Hageni Banks (Insecta:Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae) UF,IFAS Extension. EENY-212.
[16]Santos,M.N.,Teixeira,M.I.F.;Pereira,M.B.andMenezes,E.B.(2010).Environ.factors influencing the foraging and feeding behavior of two termite species in the natural habitats.Sociobiol.,55(4):763-777.
[17]Ripa, R., Luppichini, P., Su, N.Y., and Rust, M.K.(2007). Field evaluation of potential control strategies against the invasive eastern subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in Chile. Journal of Economic Entomology, /10.1093/jee/100.4.1391.
[18]Haverty,M.;Tabuchi,R.;Vargo,E.,Cox,D.;Nelson.L.and Lewis,V.(2010).Response of Riticulitrmes Hesperus (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae) colonies to baiting with Lufenuron in northern California .J.Econ.Entomol.103(3):770-780.
[19]Casarin,F.E.;Leonard ,A.M.C.and Arab, A.(2008).Soldier initiate foraging activities in the subterranean termite, Heterotermes tenuis.J.Inse.Sci.8:5.
[20]Jaber, Faisal Nasser and Jabbar, Alaa Sobeih and Iyad Abdel-Wahhab Abdel-Qader (2018). Estimating the population density of two types of winged termites, Department of Plant Protection - College of Agriculture - University of Basra - Iraq, Basra Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24 (1): 90-101.
[21]Haverty,M.I.,Lafage,j.p.,and William,L.(1974).Seasonal Activity and Environmental Control of foraging of the subterranean termite ,Heterotermes aureus , in a desert grassland , department of entomology ,university of Arizona Tucson .life sciences vol. 15, pp,1091-1101.
[22]Avinash, T.G., and Kumar, N.G.(2019). Pest status and seasonal activity of termites in relation to abiotic factors in different field crops, Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India , Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 7(1): 1235-1239.
[23]Houseman, R. M., Gold ,R. E. and Pawson, B. M.( 2001). Resource partitioning in two sympatric species of subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes and Reticulitermes hageni. Environ. Entomol., 30(1): 673-685. | ||
Statistics Article View: 33 PDF Download: 51 |