Effect of Imidacloprid on Mid Gut and The Hypopharyngeal Glands of Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) | ||
| Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Article 18, Volume 10, Issue 2, Spring 2019, Page 169-174 | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.58928/ku19.10218 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Suzan D. Hadi1; Kameela W. Shaher1; Abdulkareem J. Ali2 | ||
| 1College Of Agriculture - Baghdad University | ||
| 2Ministery of Agriculture | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Different studies have shown great interest in Imidacloprid pesticide toxicity in terms of its destructive and harmful effects on honeybees Apis mellifera behavior without causing any physiological change in the pharyngeal gland and the midgut tissue, which is the main aim of this study. The newly emerging bees were fed on a sugar solution containing the Imidacloprid pesticide at a concentration of (2 mg / kg to ppm) and protein food at a concentration of 3mg/L. It was found that the pesticide harmfully affected the growth and development of pharyngeal gland of the bees workers, which appeared smaller and their lobes far apart compared with the pharyngeal gland of the non- treated bees when the bees have been dissected and examined under light microscope at the age of 9 and 14 days. The negative effect of the pesticide was limited in the midgut onlyfew hours aftersugar solution feeding and some parts of the tissue were affected, but the insect rapidly regenerated and compensated the damaged tissue. The negative impact of the insecticide correlated to the increasing hours of exposure until bees become incapable to compensate the affected cells. As a result, the bees lose their ability to feed properly, leading to starvation and finally to death. The rate of death in bees was approximately 60% after 14 days in both feeding cases. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Imidacloprid; Midgut; hypopharyngeal glands; The pesticide | ||
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