Modeling of 36Cl Transport and Water Flow in Amended Gypsiferous- Calcareous Soil | ||
| Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Article 26, Volume 13, Issue 3, Summer 2022, Page 331-246 PDF (781 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.58928/ku22.13326 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ramzi. M. Shihab1; A. M. Khairo2 | ||
| 1Tikrit University, College of Agriculture, Soil Science and Water Resources Department, Salahuddin, Iraq. | ||
| 2Tikrit University, College of Agriculture, Soil Science and Water Resources Department, Salahuddin, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Dissolution of gypsum has great influence on water flow and solute transport occurring in gypsiferous-calcareous soils. Many models based on convection and diffusion processes have been developed to describe transport in soil. Constraints of estimation of transport parameters in gypsiferous-calcareous soils are mainly due to gypsum influence .The objectives of this study, were to i: modeling the transport of solute (36Cl) in gypsiferous-calcareous soil treated with fuel of FO on dissolution of gypsum associated with calcium carbonate content. Radiotracer of chloride as carrier free of 36Cl was applied to surfaces of saturated soil columns that have 20, 250 and 500 g kg-1 gypsum treated with 0, 1, 2, and 4% of fuel oil and leached with water until complete displacement of chloride. During leaching, samples of effluent were collected and measured for Cl36 . The application of 1 to 2% FO improved the transport properties due to modification in soil structure. The applied models gave good fit between measured and predicted breakthrough curves of 36Cl with significant linear correlation coefficient (r) that ranged between 0.972 and 0.999. They gave a calculated dispersion coefficient (D) ranging from 2.1 to 79.2 cm2 day-1, and retardation factor (R) ranging from 0.92 to 1.58. It was found that D was also linearly related to pore water velocity (v). Also, the results indicate the possibility of predicting the distribution of chloride in gypsiferous-calcareous soil for different time periods using correct boundary conditions. Experimental results show that gypsum dissolution in the soil columns is mainly determined by the flow velocity, soil saturation and then partially coating with FO. The role of lime was not well explained in reducing gypsum dissolution because the co-existence of gypsum and lime is not clear enough. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Gypsiferous-calcareous soil; 36Cl; solute transport; CDE equation; Breakthrough curves; Fuel oil | ||
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