The Extra-Pulmonary Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19: An Observational Study from Basrah - Southern Iraq | ||
| The Medical Journal of Basrah University | ||
| Article 5, Volume 40, Issue 1, June 2022, Pages 36-50 PDF (517.71 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33762/mjbu.2022.133373.1098 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hassan Ala Farid* 1; Ali Raheem Hashim1; Alaa Abdullah Fadhil2 | ||
| 1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. | ||
| 2Department of Medicine, Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: The coronavirus was first recognised in December 2019 in Wuhan, China as an outbreak of an unidentified health storm. Although the main presenting complaints are respiratory complaints, many patients are presented with multisystem and extrapulmonary manifestations. Objective: This study aims to assess the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Basrah teaching hospital, which is a specialised and tertiary centre for COVID-19 management, for a 5-month duration and involving 507 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results and Conclusions: The extrapulmonary manifestation was reported in 347 patients (68%), and the clinical manifestations analysis of the enrolled patients showed that most of the neurological manifestations were headaches. Myocardial infarction is the most common cardiovascular manifestation. Moreover, gastrointestinal manifestations showed that nausea and vomiting, followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea, are frequently reported symptoms. Additionally, stroke, new atrial fibrillation, conjunctivitis, macular skin rash, urticaria, acute kidney injury, fatigue, joint pain, deep venous thrombosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemia were observed also at lower percentages. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19; Extra-pulmonary; non-respiratory; Basrah; Iraq | ||
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