Sufism and Its Most Prominent Men in the Days of the Almorabiteen and the Almohadeen in Andalusia (484-635 AH/1092-1238 AD) | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities | ||
| Article 10, Volume 2022, Issue 3, September 2022, Pages 2287-2323 PDF (617.04 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37653/juah.2022.176487 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim | ||
| Ministry of Education | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Sufism has political and religious dimensions. It appeared in Andalusian society as an asceticism and away from the luxury of the world and its pleasures, and developed into a thought that believed in which people influenced the Andalusian society. The research we studied : The first topic : Sufism, its definition, its inception, its layers, and the ideas of a muridiyah, and it contains four demands. The first requirement : the definition of Sufism, and in the second requirement : the emergence of Sufism, and in the third requirement : the layers and conditions of Sufism, and in the fourth requirement: the belief and thought of Sufism. As for the second topic : Sufism and its men in Andalusia in the days of the Almorabiteen and the Almohadeen, and there are two demands, the first requirement: Sufism and its most prominent men in the Almorabiteen era, and in the second requirement: Sufism and its most prominent men in the Almohadeen era. The aim of the study was to know the beginnings and development of Sufi thought in a country whose people influenced the preservation of the origins of the Maliki doctrine, and the scientific method was in accordance with the historical research method and its tools of presentation, analysis and description of events and linking them to a scientific method punctuated by a conclusion in some events | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Sufism; Almorabiteen and the Almohadeen; andalusia | ||
| References | ||
|
- Al-Ahmad nakri: Abdulnabi Abdul Rasul (v. 12 Ah / 17 ad).
1-the University of Science in the terminology of Arts-the Constitution of scientists-translated by: Hassan Hani checked, scientific books House (Beirut-2000)
- Ibn al-Aabar, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr al-qudai (d. 658 Ah/ 1260 ad)،
2-the sequel to the book of relevance, investigation: Abdulsalam Al-Harras, Dar Al-Fikr (Lebanon - 1995)
- Al-Idrisi: Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah (d. 560 Ah/ 1165 ad)،
3-Al-Mushtaq's picnic in penetrating the horizons, the world of books (Beirut - 1988)
- Ibn Al-Azraq: Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Asbahi (896 Ah/ 1490 ad).
4-innovations of the Corps in the nature of the king, investigation: Ali Sami Al-Nashar (Baghdad-1985).
- Ibn Abi asaiba: Ahmad ibn al-Qasim Ibn Khalifa (d. 668 Ah/ 1270 ad).
5-the eyes of the news in the layers of doctors, investigation: Nizar Reda, Dar Al-Hayat library (Beirut-Dr.C).
- Al-Azhari: Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-harwi (d. 370 Ah / 981 AD).
6-language refinement, investigation: Mohammed Awad, House of Arab heritage revival (Beirut-2001)
- Al-Badsi: Abdul Haq bin Ismail،
7 - the honorable and gentle purpose of introducing rural reformers, investigation: said Arab, royal press, 2nd floor, (Rabat-1993).
- Ibn Bassam: Ali ibn Bassam Al-shantarini (d. 542 Ah/ 1147 ad).
8-ammunition in the beauties of the people of Al - Jazeera, investigation: Ihsan Abbas, Arab House of writers (Libya - Tunisia-1978).
- Ibn bishkawal: Khalaf Ibn Abdul Malik (d. 578 Ah/ 1183 ad).
9-relevance in the history of the imams of Andalusia, published and corrected: Mr. Izzat Al-Attar al-Husseini, al-Khanji library, i2, (d.M-1955).
- Al-Bakri: Abdullah bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed (d. 487 Ah/ 1094 ad).
10-the geography of Andalusia and Europe from the book of paths and kingdoms, an investigation by: Abdul Rahman Ali Al-Haji, Dar Al-Irshad, (Beirut-1968).
11-tracts and kingdoms, Dar Al-Gharb al-Islamiyya (d.M-1992).
Congratulations: Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Qadi Muhammad (D. after 1158 ah / after 1745 ad).
12-Encyclopedia of the book of conventions of Arts and Sciences, investigation: Ali damrouj, Lebanon library, (Beirut - 1996).
- Al-jurjani: Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Zain al-Sharif Al-jurjani (d. 816 Ah/ 1413 ad).
13-definitions, investigation, control and Correction: a group of scientists, scientific books House, (Beirut-1983).
- Al-Jazari: Muhammad ibn Muhammad (d. 833 Ah/ 1478 ad).
14-the very end of the layers of readers, take care and publish: C.Bergstraster, scientific books House, 2nd floor, (Beirut-1980).
- Al-Gohari: Ismail bin Hammad Al-Farabi (d. 393 Ah/ 1003 ad).
15-AL-Sahah Taj al-Lingaa and Al-Arabiya Sahah, investigation: Ahmed Abdul-Ghafour, Dar Al-Alam for millions, 4th floor, (Beirut - 1987)
- Al-Humaidi: Muhammad ibn Fattouh ibn Abdullah (d. 488 Ah/ 1095 ad).
16-the root of the quotation in the mention of the governors of Andalusia, the Egyptian House (Cairo - 1966).
- Al-Humairi: Mohammed bin Abdul Moneim (d. 900 Ah/ 1495 ad).
17-Al-Rawd Al-Matar at the best breakfast," Ihsan Abbas, Nasser foundation for Culture, 2nd floor, (Beirut - 1980).
- Muhammad ibn huql al-Baghdadi al-nusaybi (D. after 367 ah / after 977 ad).
18-the image of the Earth, Dar Sadr (Beirut - 1938).
- Ibn Khaldun: Abdulrahman ibn Muhammad (d. 808 Ah/ 1406 ad).
19-the court of debutants and news in the history of the Arabs and Berbers and their contemporaries of the greatest importance, investigation: Khalil Shehadeh, Dar Al-Fikr, i2, (Beirut - 1988)
20-introduction by Ibn Khaldun, investigation: Hamed Ahmed Al-Taher, Dar Al-Fajr for heritage, (Cairo-2004)
- Ibn khalkan: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (d. 681 Ah/ 1282 ad).
21-the deaths of the notables and the news of the Sons of time, an investigation: Ihsan Abbas, Dar Sadr, (Beirut - 1900).
- Golden: Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Othman (d. 748 Ah/ 1347 ad).
22-the history of Islam and the deaths of celebrities and the media investigation: Omar Abdulsalam tadmouri, Dar Al - Kitab al-Arabi, 2nd floor, (Beirut-1993).
23-the conduct of noble Media, investigation: a group of investigators under the supervision of Shoaib Al-Arnaout, Al-Resala foundation, I. 3, (Dr.M-1985).
24-lessons in the good of others, an investigation: Mohamed said Ben Bassiouni Zaghloul, scientific books House (Beirut - DT)
- Al-Zubaidi: Muhammad Murtaza al-Husseini (d. 1205 Ah/ 1790 ad).
25-the bride's crown from the jewels of the dictionary, in the care of: Abdel Moneim Khalil Ibrahim Sayed Mohamed Mahmoud, scientific books House, (Beirut-Dr.C).
- Al-Suyuti: Abdulrahman ibn Abu Bakr (d.911 Ah/ 1505 AD).
26-glossary of the traditions of Science in borders and fees, investigation: Mohammed Ibrahim Clinic, library of literature (Egypt - 2004).
- Abu Shama: Abdul Rahman Bin Ismail bin Ibrahim al-Maqdisi (d. 665 Ah/ 1257 ad)
27-al-rawdateen in the news of the two countries of light and validity, investigation: Ibrahim al-zibek, Foundation
- Safadi: Salah al-Din Khalil Ibn Ibek (d. 764 Ah/ 1363 ad).
28-the author of the deaths, investigation: Ahmed Al-Arnaout and Turki Mustafa, heritage revival house, (Beirut-2000).
- Al-Dabi; Ahmad ibn Yahya Ibn Ahmad (d. 599 Ah/ 1203 ad).
29-with a view to the petitioner in the history of the men of the people of Andalusia, Dar Al - Kitab al-Arabi (Cairo-1967).
- The son of General Al-Hanbali: abdulhi Ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad (d.1089 Ah/ 1679 ad).
30-gold nuggets in news from gold, investigation: Mahmoud al-Arnaout, Dar Ibn Kathir (Damascus-Beirut-1986).
- Ibn al-Fardhi: Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-azdi (D. 403 Ah/ 1013 ad).
31-history of Al-Andalus scholars, correction and publication: Mr. Ezzat al - Attar al-Husseini, al-Khanji Library, 2nd floor, (Cairo-1988).
- Marrakech: Abdul Wahid bin Ali Al-Tamimi (d. 647 Ah/ 1250 AD).
32-the admirer in summarizing the news of Morocco from the conquest of Al - Andalus to the last era of the Almohads, an investigation: Salah al - Din al-Hawari, the modern library (Sidon-Beirut-2006).
- Yaqut Al-Hamwi: Yaqut bin Abdullah al-Rumi (d. 626 Ah / 1229 ad).
33-glossary of countries, Dar Sadr, i2, (Beirut - 1995)
- Young man: Abdullah bin Asaad bin Ali (n768h / 1367g).
34-the mirror of paradise and the lesson of vigilance in knowing what is considered one of the incidents of time, footnotes: Khalil al - Mansour, scientific books House (Beirut-1977).
2-references and research:
- Blond: Suad.
1. Interpretation and interpreters in Morocco Al-Aqsa, Dar es Salaam, (Morocco - 2010).
- Anna-Marie Schimmel.
2. Sufi dimensions in Islam and the history of Sufism, translated by: Mohammad Ismail and Reda Hamid, al-Jamal publications (Germany - Baghdad-2006).
- Balthea: a third sieve
3. The history of Andalusian thought, translated by Hussein Monis, library of religious culture (Cairo - DT).
- Al-Batayneh: Muhammad is the guest of Allah.
4. Islamic Civilization, Dar Al-Furqan, (Amman - 2003).
- God is serious, Manal Abdel Moneim.
5. Mysticism in Egypt and Morocco, knowledge (Alexandria - DT).
- Al-Juhani: mind Ben Hammad.
6. The accessible Encyclopedia of contemporary religions, sects and parties, International Symposium house for printing, publishing and distribution, 5th floor, (Riyadh - 2003).
- My dream, Mustafa.
7. Ibn taymah and mysticism, Dar Al-Dawa, 2nd Floor, (Alexandria - DT).
- Narrator: Malik Burgess.
8. Arab-Islamic intellectual movement in eastern Algeria-Balearic Islands (unpublished master's thesis, Institute of Arab history and scientific heritage for postgraduate studies - 1999).
- Al-zarqali: Khairuddin Mahmoud Mohammed.
9. Media, Dar Al-Alam for millions, 15th floor, (D.M, 2002)
- Salem: Essam Salem.
10. The forgotten islands of Andalusia, the Islamic history of the Balearic Islands, (89-685 Ah/ 708-1287 Ad), Dar Al - Alam for millions (Beirut-1984 ad).
- Al-Shazly: Abdullah.
11. Sufi commitment, Dar Al-Afaq Al-Arabiya, (Cairo-2006).
- Al-shantnawi: Ahmed et al.
12. Department of Islamic knowledge, reviewed by Mohammed Mahdi Allam, Dar Al-Maarif, (Beirut-1933).
- Tayebi: Amin Tawfik.
13. Studies and research in the history of Morocco and Andalusia, Arab House of writers (Libya - Tunisia - 1984).
- ADAS: Claude.
14. Arabic mysticism and the emergence of Ibn Al-Arabi, translated by: Mohammed Lutfi Al-Yousfi (research published in the book Arab - Islamic civilization in Andalusia, edited by: Salma Khadra Al-geyoussi, Center for Arab unity Studies, Vol.2, (Beirut-1999).
- Al-Akidi: Barzan Messer Hamed.
15. The city of shalab from the Islamic conquest until its fall into the hands of the Portuguese (92-640 Ah/ 711-1244 ad), (unpublished doctoral thesis - University of Mosul - Faculty of Education - 2009 ad).
- Continental: Hassan.
16. Ibn Burjan Al-Andalusi and his efforts in Sufi interpretation and the science of speech, 536 Ah/1142 ad, (research published in the Journal of Damascus University of economic and Legal Sciences, Damascus-2007 ad), first issue.
- Qalaji and qunaibi: Mohammed Rawas qalaji and Hamid Sadiq qunaibi.
17. Dictionary of the language of Jurists, Dar Al-Nafees, I. 2, (D.M-1988). | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 59 PDF Download: 753 |
||