Characterizations of Hybrid Composites of Linen /Glass Fibers for Automotive and Transportation Applications | ||
Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences | ||
Article 14, Volume 13, Issue 2, November 2022, Pages 114-121 PDF (998.76 K) | ||
Document Type: Research Paper | ||
DOI: 10.37649/aengs.2022.176365 | ||
Authors | ||
M.F. M. Alkbir* 1; Suhad D. Salman2; Z. Lemanc3; Fatihhi Januddi1 | ||
1Facilities Maintenance Engineering/UniKL Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (MITEC)/Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam/81750 Masai, Johor Darul Takzim/Malaysia | ||
2Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
3Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia | ||
Abstract | ||
Recently, the sustainability issue has become crucial to operation, which motivates researchers to search for naturally generated, sustainable materials, especially in automotive applications outside of reduced prices and enhanced performance. Glass-linen/Polyvinyl Butyral hybrid composites' mechanical characteristics were examined in relation to the effect of linen fiber loading. The composite and hybrid composite samples of linen/glass fiber reinforced PVB film were created using a hot press with various layering patterns. The results were high impact values with increased both tensile and flexural strength values. Compared to other hybrid composites, the mechanical behaviors of the H1 (Glass / Linen) hybrid have a greater tensile strength measuring 401.30 MPa, while, H2 (Glass / Linen/ Glass) hybrids are found to have the highest flexural strength, measuring 160.80 MPa. An optical and scanning electron microscope morphological analysis on linen hybrid composites revealed good results. This indicated decreased rates of delamination between the fibers and matrix layers. The loading of the fibers was shown to have varying effects on the composite's mechanical behaviors. The linen/glass composites also demonstrated strong interfacial adhesion, which enabled the PVB-phenolic resin to penetrate the fiber bundles and produce a matrix with the good interlocking of the fibers | ||
Keywords | ||
Linen fibre; Glass Fibers; Hot press; Polyvinyl Butyral Film; hybrid composites | ||
References | ||
[1] Wilson, “Vehicle weight is the key driver for automotive composites,” Reinf. Plast., vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 100–102, doi: 10.1016/j.repl.2015.10.002, Mar. 2017.
[2] Mayyas, A. Qattawi, M. Omar, and D. Shan, “Design for sustainability in automotive industry: A comprehensive review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1845– 1862, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.012, 2012.
[3] Bismarck A, Mishra S, Lampke T. Plant fibres as reinforcement for green composites. In: Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT, editors. Natural fibres, biopolymers, and biocomposites. USA: CRC; 2005. p. 37–108.
[4] Holbery J, Houston D. Natural-fibre-reinforced polymer composites in automotive applications. JOM 2006; 58(11):80–6.
[5] T. Ishikawa et al., “Overview of automotive structural composites technology developments in Japan,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 155. pp. 221–246, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.09.015, Feb-2018.
[6] Y. Yang, R. Boom, B. Irion, D. J. van Heerden, P. Kuiper, and H. de Wit, “Recycling of composite materials,” Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif, vol. 51, pp. 53–68, doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.007, 2012.
[7] J. A. Foulk, D. E. Akin, and R. B. Dodd, New low cost flax fibers for composites,” SAE Tech. Pap., doi: 10.4271/2000-01-1133, 2000.
[8] P. K. Bajpai, I. Singh, and J. Madaan, Development and characterization of PLA based green composites: A review,” J. Thermoplast. Compos, Mater., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 52–81, doi: 10.1177/0892705712439571, 2014.
[9] Luckachan GE, Pillai CKS. Biodegradable polymers – a review on recent trends and emerging perspectives. J Polym Environ 2011;19(3):637–76.
[10] R. Brooks, "Composites in Automotive Applications: Design", no. February 2016. Elsevier Ltd., 2004.
[11] G. Koronis, A. Silva, and M. Fontul, Green composites: A review of adequate materials for automotive applications,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 120– 127, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.004, 2013.
[12] H. S. Park, X. P. Dang, A. Roderburg, and B. Nau, “Development of plastic front side panels for green cars,” CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 44–52, doi: 10.1016/j.cirpj.2012.08.002, 2013.
[13] Ku H, Wang H, Pattarachaiyakoop N, et al. A review on the tensile properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B 2011; 42: 856-73.
[14] Van Vuure A-W, Ko F-K and Beevers C. Net-shape knitting for complex composite preforms. Textile Res J 2003;73: 1–10.
[15] Yan LB, Chouw N and Yuan XW. Improving the mechancial properties of natural fibre fabric reinforced epoxy composites by alkali treatment. J Reinf Plast Compos 2012; 36: 425–437.
[16] Yan, L. (2012). Effect of alkali treatment on vibration characteristics and mechanical properties of natural fabric reinforced composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 31(13), 887-896.
[17] Arumugam S, Kandasamy J, Venkatesan S, Murugan R, Lakshmi Narayanan V, Sultan MTH, Shahar FS, Shah AUM, Khan T, Sebaey TA. A Review on the Effect of Fabric Reinforcement on Strength Enhancement of Natural Fiber Composites. Materials (Basel). 2022 Apr 21;15(9):3025. doi: 10.3390/ma15093025
[18] M. Misra, J. K. Pandey, and A. K. Mohanty, "Biocomposites: Design and Mechanical Performance." Elsevier Ltd, 2015.
[19] Puglia D, Biagiotti J, Kenny J. A review on natural fibre-based composites – part II. J Nat Fibres 2005;1(3):23–65.
[20] ASTM D 3039 – 76 (1976) Tensile Properties of Fibre-Resin Composites. ASTM International.
[21] ASTM D 7264 - 07 (2007) Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials. ASTM International.
[22] ASTM D 256 – 02 (2002) Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics. ASTM International.
[23] Cicala, G., et.al,” Properties and performances of various hybrid glass/natural fibre composites for curved pipes,” Materials and Design, Vol 30, pp.2538-2542, 2009.
[24] Assarar M, Scida D, El Mahi A, et al. Influence of water ageing on mechanical properties and damage events of two reinforced composite materials: Flax–fibres and glass–fibres. Mater Des 2011; 32: 788–795.
[25] Vinod B., et.al, “Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Flexural Properties of PALF Reinforced Bisphenol Composites”, Volume 2, Issue 8, 2013.
[26] Dicker MP, Duckworth PF, Baker AB, Francois G, Hazzard MK, Weaver PM. Green composites: a review of material attributes and complementary applications. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 2014;56:280–9.
[27] H. Sezgin and O. B. Berkalp, “The effect of hybridization on significant characteristics of jute/glass and jute/carbon-reinforced composites,” J. Ind. Text., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 283–296, doi: 10.1177/1528083716644290, 2017.
[28] Kumar A, Singh B, Jain R, Sharma A. Banana fibre (Musa sapientum): a suitable raw material for handmade paper industry via enzymatic refining. Int J Eng 2013;2(10).
[29] Sharba, M.J., et al., Tensile and Compressive Properties of Woven Kenaf/Glass Sandwich Hybrid Composites. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2016. 2016: p. 6.
[30] Salman, S.D., et al. Mechanical and Morphological Properties of 45ͦ/-45ͦ Woven Kenaf Reinforced PVB-Phenolic Resin Produced Using a Hot Press Technique. in Malaysia Polymer International Conference 2015 (MPIC 2015) 10-11 June 2015. 2015. Palm Garden Hotel, IOI Resort, Putrajaya, Kuala lumpur, Malay | ||
Statistics Article View: 119 PDF Download: 75 |