The Effect of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel/LPG Dual-Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

Mohammed, Hawraa S.; Mashkour, Mahmoud A.

doi:10.30684/etj.2022.135176.1266

	The Effect of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel/LPG Dual-Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Engineering and Technology Journal
Article 21, Volume 41, Issue 1, January 2023, Pages 232-242 PDF (847.48 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2022.135176.1266
Authors
Hawraa S. Mohammed^* ¹; Mahmoud A. Mashkour²
¹Mechanical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.
²University of Technology-Iraq
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of Eichhornia Crassipes Biodiesel (ECB) with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual-fuel on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics. A four-stroke, single-cylinder and water-cooled diesel engine was used. The engine was operated with pure Iraqi diesel (PID) as a reference fuel, 40% ECB-60% PID, and duel fuel mode (DFM) (40% ECB-60% PID-2.4 l/min LPG). The experimental testing was carried out at 1500 rpm constant engine speed, compression ratio 18, and time injection 23° bTDC under various load conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) full load. Using a gas analyzer, the engine emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), were measured. An OPABOX smoke unit was used to determine the smoke intensity. The result manifested that the 40% ECB reduced the thermal brake efficiency (BTH) by 7% at partial load, compared with the PID. Exhaust emissions tests at full load displayed a reduction in CO₂, CO, HC, and smoke by 44.4%, 70.34%, 31%, 76%, and 47%, respectively, with increasing NOx emission by 17.02% compared with the PID. The (LPG- 40% ECB) DFM at full load elucidated a reduction in CO₂, CO, and smoke by (52.38%-14.28%), (81.48%-37.5%) and (86.28 %-41.7%), respectively, while there was an increase in HC and NOx emission by of (15.38%-40%) and (34.2%-20.07%), respectively, compared with the PID and 40% ECB, where the BTH in DFM was higher than 40% ECB by 9.07%. Finally, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased by (10.11%-11.2%) compared with PID and 40% biodiesel.
Highlights
The combustion was enhanced with the addition of E. The engine operation was smooth and had less fuel consumption when using biodiesel and LPG. Engine running on dual fuel mode (40%ECB-LPG) is more economical. HC emission decreases with ECB.
Keywords
Biodiesel; CO; CO2 HC and NOx emissions; Eichhornia crassipes; water hyacinth; LPG

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