Comparative Investigation on the Quality of Sensitivity of Six Different Types of Thermocouples | ||
| Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ) | ||
| Article 12, Volume 27, Issue 2, September 2022, Pages 117-126 PDF (1 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2022.132862.1157 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Abdulkhalek M. Kadir1; Salim Azeez Kako* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil , Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Mechanics and Metallurgy, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Sensitivity quality of thermocouples is an important parameter in temperature measuring, it affects on the accuracy of measuring results. Metals type which used in thermocouples play a prominent role in determining level and quality of sensitivity. Nine minerals were investigated and compared with each other, as these metals contribute to composition of six thermocouples of types E, J, K, T, R and S. Three factors such as metal type, magnetic field, and chemical composition were studied to find out their effects in determining sensitivity quality of thermocouples due to their effects on the increasing and decreasing of sensitivity and accuracy of thermocouples. Research methodology has used data collection and analyzing on related 6 thermocouples. The results showed that E- type has higher sensitivity, then J, K, and T, but R and S types have lower sensitivity in most temperature measuring ranges, also, copper, nickel, and chromium can give higher quality of sensitivity more than platinum and rhodium. Also, the results of this research can assist manufacturers to further connection between quality of sensitivity, temperature ranges, and accuracy, in addition, for selecting appropriate metal for the medium being measured. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Metals; quality; Sensitivity; Thermocouple; Seebeck coefficient | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] A. Purwar and S. Deep, “A novel Thermocouple for Ultra High Temperature applications: Design and Computational Analysis”, Doi: 10.1109/ICCE-ASIA.2017.8307852, Oct. 2017, Page 2.
[2] P. Pavlasek, C. J. Elliott, J. V. Pearce, S. Duris, R. Palencar, M. Koval, and G. Machin, “Hysteresis Effects and Strain-Induced Homogeneity Effects in Base Metal Thermocouples”, International Journal of Thermo physics, Vol. 36, No. 2-3, 2015, pp 467- 481.
[3] O. Engineering Inc. 800 Connecticut Ave. Suite 5N01, Norwalk, CT 06854, UAS. Email: info@omega.com, from:
https://www.omega.com/en- us/resources/thermocouples-applications, Published in January 6, 2020. [4] H. Nugraha, Prawito Prajitno, Aditya Achmadi, A. Sindhu Tistomo2, D. Larassati, and A. Imaduddin, “Design of a scanning thermocouple inhomogeneity”, Journal of Physics, Conference Series, doi:10.1088/1742- 6596/1764/1/012215, 1764, 2021, Page 2.
[5] N. Hallatt, “The Development of a Test Rig to Determine Fouling Factors of Feed water Heaters”, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Master’s thesis, March 2019, Page 62.
[6] ASTM E230/E230M- 17, Standard Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), by: https://pdfcoffee.com/e-230-e-230m- 12-pdf-free.html, 1 Nov. 2017, pp 1-168.
[7] https://blog.ansi.org/2018/10/thermocouples- calibration-table-ansi-mc961/#gref- 29, Oct. 2018.
[8] G. Dorozinsky, T. Doroshenko, Volodymyr Maslov, Influence of Technological Factors on Sensitivity of Analytical Devices Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jst.2015.52006, Journal of Sensor Technology, Vol. 5, June 2015, pp 54-61.
[9] JJF 1637-2017, Calibration Specification for Base Metal Thermocouples, Sector / Industry: Metrology & Measurement Industry Standard, 26 September 2017, (based on the older standard, then it superseded JJG 351-1996)
[10] Ke Xinyi, “Fabrication and characterization of van der Waals hetero structure thermoelectric devices”, Master’s thesis, Department of Material, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 2021, Page 14-16.
[11] L. Yang, Yuanshen Zhao, C. Feng, and H. Zhou, “The Influence of Size Effect on Sensitivity of Cu/CuNi Thin film Thermocouple”, doi:10.1016/j.phpro, 15 November 2011, pp 1-99.
[12] S. Begus, Jovan Bojkovski, J. Drnovsek, and Gregor Gersak, Magnetic effects on thermocouples, Measurement science technology, doi:10.1088/0957-0233/25/3/035006, Vol. 25, 31 July 2014, pp 1-11.
[13] H. Lundström and M. Mattsson, “Modified Thermocouple Sensor and External Reference Junction Enhance Accuracy in Indoor Air Temperature Measurements”, MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196577, 1 October 2021, Page 2-4.
[14] K. Raj Adhikari, “Thermocouple: Facts and Theories”, The Himalayan Physics, Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017, pp 10-14.
[15] J. Machin, Declan Tucker, and V. Jonatha Pearce, “A comprehensive survey of thermoelectric homogeneity of commonly used thermocouple types”, Measurement Science and Technology, doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aabaa3, Vol. 29, No. 6, 15 May 2018.
[16] V. Button, “Principles of Measurement and Transduction of Biomedical Variables”, ISBN: 9780128007747, 1st Edition, 7 April 2015, pp 380.
[17] W. James Dally, F. William Riley, and G. Kenneth Mc Connell, “A review of: Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements”, ISBN 0471 60004 0, 2ndEdition, New York, 23 March 2007.
[18] S. Kumar Manjhi, and R. Kumar, “Performance assessment of K-type, E-type and J- type coaxial thermocouples on the solar light beam for short duration transient measurements”, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.06.035, Measurement, Vol. 146, Nov. 2019, pp. 343-355.
[19] G. W. Burns, M. G. Scroger, G. F. Strouse, Temperature-Electromotive Force Reference Functions and Tables for the Letter-Designated Thermocouple Types Based on the ITS-90, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, April 1993, pp 280.
[20] L.Robert Powell, J. William Hall, H. Clyde Hyink, Jr., and L. Larry Sparks, “Thermocouple Reference Tables Based on the IPTS-68, National Bureau of Standards”, USA, Stock No. 0303-01177, March 1974, pp 410.
[21] L. Larry Sparks, L. Robert Powell, and J. William Hall, “Reference Tables for Low- Temperature Thermocouples, National bureau of standards”, USA, Stock No. 0303-0952, Jun. 1972, pp 61.
[22] ASTM Committee E20 on temperature measurement, Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, fourth edition, ISBN 0-8031-1466-4, 1993, pp 244.
[23] G. E. Adesakin, O. Olubosede, A. T. Fatigun, T. O. Ewumi, E. A. Oyedele, O. G. Edema, M. A. Adekoya, F. O. Isinkaye, F. M. Owolabi, E. O. Aliyu, and A. Oluranti Adegoke, “Extension of Free Electron Theory to the Study of Magnetic Moment of Metals, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development”, (IJMPERD), Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, page 9629-9630.
[24] M. Thomas Deserno, “Physics for Biomedical Engineers”, ISBN: 978-3-9813213-6-4, Volume 9, Band 1, 21/10/2014, Pages 47-50.
[25] E. Holm Fyhn and J. Linder, “Temporarily enhanced superconductivity from magnetic fields”, arXiv:2010.09759v2, 23 Feb 2021, Page 1.
[26] G. John Webster and H. Eren, “Measurement instrumentation and sensors handbook, spatial, mechanical”, thermal, and radiation measurement, second edition, ISBN: 13-9781-1-4398-4888-3, 2014, pp 65/1- 79/1.
[27] A. VInyushkin, K. Leicht, and P. Esquinazi,” Magnetic field dependence of the sensitivity of a type E (Chrome l- Constantan)thermocouple”, Cryogenics,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011- 2275(97)00156-2, Vol. 38, March 1998, Page 299-304.
[28] L. Larry Sparks, L. Robert Powell, and J. William Hall, “Reference tables for low- temperature thermocouples”, National bureau of standards, https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc704 06/Dec 6, 2021, USA, June 1972, pp 1- 56.
[29] L. Robert Powell, J. William Hall, H. Clyde Hyink, Jr., and L. Larry Sparks, “Thermocouple Reference Tables Based on the IPTS-68, National Bureau of Standards”, USA, March 1974, pp 1- 197.
[30] T. Wang, Yajun Yan, Y. Yuan, Ma Zhuang, A. Zhang, Y. Chen and Yu Yimin, “An effective method for quality control of the thermocouple”, International Conference on Smart Materials, Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation (SMIMA 2018), https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/2018173 SMIMA, Vol. 173, 2018, page 1-3.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 354 PDF Download: 240 |
||