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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF VULVAR SQUAMOUS CELL
CARCINOMA AND RUMINALFIBROPAPILLOMAIN COWS IN
BASRAPROVINCE
Zainab W. Khudair
Department of Pathology,College of veterinary medicine,University of
Basrah,basrah,Iraq
(Received 20 September 2015, Accepted 10 November 2015)
Key word: Pathology , Firopapilloma , SCC .
ABSTRACT
Eight Samples of tumor masses were collected from cases of (3)squamous cell
carcinoma in vulva (SCC) and(5) ruminalfibropapillama in cows fromBasraprovince
south of Iraq during the period February 2013 through January 2014 . The cases of SCC
cases were characterized by smooth, dry, white poorly demarcated dermal bundles of
homogenous tissue with necrotic or\and hemorrhagic foci separated by fibrous tissue in
theearlyand late stage named as acanthosis . The size offibropapilloma cases were
variable in size and characterized byabundant proliferating fibrous tissue massgrowth in
the rumen covered by stratified squamous epithelium of varying thickness exhibiting
marked hyperkeratosis of the stratumcorneum of rumen.
INTRODUCTION
Squamous cell carcinoma is amalignant keratinocytes tumor of stratified squamous
epithelium . It is almost exclusively found in cows, but it has also been described
in sheep exposed tosolarradiation for long time, as well as in mares and bitches
(1). Breeds of cow with high levels of solar irradiation breeds but with low levels
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ofvulvarmelanin pigmentation are predisposed to this neoplasm of cattle &horse
(2,3).This type of neoplasms is identified on the vaginal mucosa or at the junction of
vulvar mucosa with the skin (4,5). In addition to sunlight , carcinogens contained in
tobacco , coal tar and soot , and arsenic have been shown to act as predisposing factors.
In addition, factors such as the phenotypeof fair skin and rarely tans , the actinic
keratosis (AK) is the precursor lesion to SCC (1,6) . Some searchers mentioned that
theSCC is a relatively common locally invasive and occasionally metastatic neoplasm of
most domestic species. Masses of SCC are ulcerated and streaked with red , can be an
aggressive tumor that spread by both local infiltration and metastases unless diagnosed
earlyalmost exclusively in fully mature (7,8,9). The histological structure depend on the
carcinoma stage . In the early stage, there are thickening of horny layer under the form of
foci , the granular layer is non-uniform , and the spinous layer cells become more
elongated in shape or large irregular cellshyperchromatic nuclei and palecytoplasm while
the dermal connectivetissue is less dense and slightly edematous , being
intenselyvascularized with slight eosinophilicand lymphocytic infiltration. In the
acanthosis stage , hyperkeratosis is moderate , , basal cells have an irregular palisade
arrangement , dermal papillae are intensely vascularized with eosinophilic and
lymphocytic infiltration Sebaceous glands are large and active some of them being cystic
(10,11).
Penetration of the significantly elongated spinous cells gradually appears and the basal
layer cells arranged in palisades of epithelial buds developed from cells, keratinized cells
appear under the form of epithelial pearls and peripheral cells from these epithelial buds
proliferate and infiltrate in all directions vulvar SCCmetastasis
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inregionallymphnodesandlungs(12).Forestomachfibropapillomain cattle, most often occur
in the rumen near the ruminoreticular groove , thus causing recurrent bloat ,
Fibropapillama have a distinctfibromatous portion as well as a hyperplastic epithelial
component .This type of tumor were elevated , fleshy , multinodular proliferations from
the affected mucosa and may be ulcerated, the tumor consist of abundant proliferating
fibrous tissue with an epithelial covering of variable thickness (5,13). this tumor was
thickness in covering epithelium from which an exaggerated rete peg formation extends
into a mass fibrous tissue that has few mitotic figures with large nuclei ,
fibropapillamapresent wart-like lesions in rumen , reticulum , mouth , esophagus of cattle
and buffaloes revealed the presence of small nodular to large spherical or slender growths
with the base, present on mucosa and ruminal pillar , indicating these as the cellular
proliferation site (14)
The aim of this reasrach is collected , known and limited causes of some cancer cases in
cattle with study of them by histopathological examination because increase cancer cases
in Basra with recurrent it , which are become dangerous diseases threatening factors for
the animals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
During the period from February 2013 throughJanuary 2014 eight cases of two
types of cancers ( 3 SCC of vulva and 5fibropapilloma in rumen . these animals were
reported by examined in the farm or the privateveterinary clinic in different localities in
Basra province . The local cows were brought to the veterinary clinic of the university of
Basra. The cancer mass was extracted from the vulva region (3 SCC) and (5 fibro
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papilloma) of rumen which were washed with normal saline solution and then fixed with
10% formalin for 48 hrs. then the specimens were passed through graduated alcohol
percentage (70%, 80%, 90%, 100% and 100%) and then clear withxylene solution and
finally embedded with paraffin wax 55̊ c , and the blocking tissue had been cut by
microtome at 5.um thickness. The sliced paraffin block placed gently into warm water
bath(37)̊cand then places on albumin slid and staining with hematoxylin and eosin
andexamined by a light microscope (15).
RESULT
squamous cell carcinoma :
Macroscopically the samples appeared as irregular mass about 2-3cm in diameter ,
reddish white in color and nodular under and around the vaginal surface skin as in
figure(1).
Microscopically of squamous cell carcinoma was not confined to the epidermis or
mucosa but infiltrated the underlying tissues with epithelial pearls as in Figure(2),(3). The
epithelial cells were large size , vacuolated , the apparent deficiency of unclear chromatin
, the large nucleolus and the presence ofnumerous mitotic cells as in figure(4) .In
cutaneous carcinomas round masses of keratinized epithelial cells arranged
concentrically may be numerous with epithelial pearls as in figure (5) and there are
infiltration of inflammatory cells as in figure (6).
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Fibropapilloma :-
Microscopically, the cancer
squamous epithelium of varying
figures are common with collagen fibers become prominent
figure (1), show nodular mass of squamous cell
carcinoma in vulva region in cow
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247
massconsist of connective tissue covered with stratified
thickness as in Figure (7) aswell as there are mitotic
as in figure (8) .
cow.
Figure (2),section of vulva tissue
pearls in a squamous cell carcinoma of cattle
and a continuation of the
inflammatory cells into the underlying tissue . 4x
H&E
P
tissue: epithelial
cattle(P)
infiltration of
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Figure(5),section of vulva mucosa:
ofkeratinized epithelial cells as round mass
with pearls center perfuse fibrosis 40x
Figure (3),section of vulva tissue
pearls(p) in a squamous cell carcinoma of cow and
infiltration of inflammatory
underlying tissue mainly macrophages. 40x
P
I
I
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248
proliferation
pithelial H&E
Figure(6),section of vulva mucosa
inflammatory cells with mitotic figure
and large epithelial cells
tissue, show: epithelial
quamous cells (I)into the
H&E
Figure (4),section of vulva mucosa :
metaplastic cells with mitotic figure
H&E.
m
m
g
figure(m)
cells(g), 40x H&E
large size of
figure(m).40x
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In the latent period there are sorrowful,
different type of cancer in
that percentage upgrade in latent years which are
inflammation and radiation. T
progressive of tumors in the body
SCC invasive and occasionally metastatic neoplasm of most
probably the most important carcinogenic stimulant for the
keratinized with invasion of tumors which is arranged in firm nodules or cords , white or
yellow-gray homogenous tissue
Figure(7),section of fibropapilloma tumor,
show epithelial vacuolated connective tissue
covered with stratified squamous epi
varying thickness 10x H&E
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249
DISCUSSION
ent fearful and high percentage of distribution
the animals and human in different parts region of
depend on
Therefore , there are thousands factors to developed &
and every parts of Iraq especially in
domestic
these tumors (4) du
vasion interspersed with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis
epithelium of
Figure(8),section of fibro papilloma
collagen fibers , fibroblast
more glassy , weakly stained
of
rent Iraq and
increase promote
herefore ts Basra government
species. Sun lights
e due to highly
tumor show
containnuclei with one or
stainedeosinophilic, 10x H&E
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separated by white fibrous bands of the soft or firm & dry or moist according to the
amount keratin present (11 ,12) . there are another important causes like: Radiation like
ultraviolet (UVB) radiation is the most important carcinogenic stimulus for coetaneous
SCC . UV light , pyrimidine dimmers ( cytosine , uracil , thymine ) in DNA , nucleotide
repair pathway is over whelmed , some DNA damage remains unrepaired , transcriptional
errors ,neoplasia . the action of sunlight may be related to over expression of p53 protein
as a result of UV-induced mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor genes (14,16) . there is
usually a progression , over months to years from epidermal plaques , solar keratosis ,
and papilloma to carcinomas in situ , and finally to SCC . other associated carcinogens
include tobacco , coal tar , soot , arsenic &magma (17) lead to chronic inflammation with
necrotic and or hemorrhagic foci , separated by fibrous white- gray bands of stromal
connective tissue is less dense and slightly edematous , being intensely vascularized with
depending on the intensity of keratinization (18,10), another causes are induce SCC by
repeated prolapse of placenta after the end of pregnant period due to induced
inflammation(19)fibro papilloma of the upper alimentary canal of cattle which is found in
the esophagus , esophageal groove and rumin,showed involvement of the subepithelial
fibroblasts as well as of the squamous epithelium lager appear as proliferative epithelium
and whorls and fascicles of fibroblasts and collagen caused by bovine papilloma virus is a
group of DNA viruses of family papilloma viridae that are common in cattle infection
cause fibropapillomas of the rumen , skin , gastrointestinal , urologic and or reproductive
organs (9,20).The route of infection of fibropapillomascan spread by physical contact
between animals or via equipment such as dehorners or milking machine lead to induce
inflammation for long period &gradually there are DNA mutation into the cells .
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Although the fibropapilloma cells harbored multiple episomal copies of the genome of
bovine papilloma virus type 2(BPV-2) easily detected by hybridization techniques (13) as
well as there are many causes like radiation , branches fern which is plant ingesting lead
to immunosuppression, (8).
KNOWLEGEMENT
Thankful to veterinarian doctor Thayer Ramadan, Prof.DrAbdulbari A. Alfaris in
Veterinary Medicine College of Basra University, Surgical department and Assistant
professor Kareem Helal in Sciences College- Basra University
دراسة مرضیة نسیجیة للورم السرطانی الخلیة الحرشفیة فی الفرج والسرطان الحلیمی اللیفی فی
أبقار محافظة البصرة
زینب وحید خضیر
کلیة الطب البیطری، جامعة البصرة ،البصرة ، العراق .
الخلاصة
و 5 Squamous cell carcinoma تم جمع 8 کتل ورمیة ( 3 لحالات مرض سرطان الخلیة الحرشفیة
فی الابقار فی محافظة البصرة لفترة بین شباط 2013 fibropapilloma حالات لسرطان الحلیمی اللیفی للکرش
الى کانون الثانی 2014 وھما من الحالات المنتشرة فی محافظة البصرة وخاصة فی الاقضیة والنواحی والاماکن
الحدودیة.کانت حالات سرطان الخلیة الحرشفیة تتمیز بوجود نسیج متجانس ومحدد بطبقات غیر منتظمة من النسیج
اللیفی فی الجلد حیث تکون الکتلة الورمیة مظھر ناعم وجاف وبیضاء اللون کما تحتوی على مناطق تنخریة قد
تشتمل على بؤر نزفیة مفصولة بواسطة نسیج لیفی فی المرحلة المبکرة لنمو الورم السرطان واما المرحلة المتأخرة
اما النوع الاخر من السرطانات التى درست فی ھذا البحث السرطان Acanthosis تعرف بالمرحلة الشائکة
فقد اظھرت النتائج بوجود التکاثر الخلوی فی النسیج اللیفی لطبقة الکرش fibropapilloma الحلیمی اللیفی
المخاطیة والتی تکون مغطاة بخلایا حرشفیة طلائیة متقرنة والتی کونت غطاءا مختلف التثخن وبالتالی اعطت
شکلا تقرنیا للسطح الداخلی للکرش
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