User Habits Impact on Winter Energy Consumption in Iraqi Houses | ||
Kerbala Journal for Engineering Science | ||
Article 4, Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022, Pages 129-144 PDF (547.58 K) | ||
Document Type: Research Article | ||
Authors | ||
Haider I. Alyasari* ; Maryam D. Altaweel; Hussein Attya, | ||
Architecture, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq | ||
Abstract | ||
In this research, heating systems in Iraqi houses were discussed and analyzed to study their effect on energy consumption during winter. The study area was regionalized into three regions depending on prevailing climates: north, central, and south. An online survey was conducted to collect usage patterns and observe occupancy behavior related to heating systems in Iraq. Heating systems were classified into three major categories: electrical, fuel, and augmented. Detailed questions were included in the survey to collect as much data as possible for crosschecking and future research. Consequently, the heating systems usage collected from the survey was classified into three main categories according to the type of energy utilized. Subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and followed by a Chi-square analysis to investigate the mutual relationships among different variables involved in the study. Results show that electrical systems dominate others due to the safety and cleanness characteristics compared to other fuel systems such as kerosene or natural gas. Education level and culture play essential roles since intellectual people pay more attention to safety and environmental health. | ||
Keywords | ||
Occupant behavior; Heating systems; Energy efficiency; Chi-square analysis | ||
References | ||
[1] A. Carlsson-Kanyamaa and A.-L. Linde´n, "Energy efficiency in residences—Challenges for women and men in the North," Energy Policy, vol. 35, p. 2163–2172, 2007.
[2] H. H. Istepanian, "Towards Sustainable Energy Efficiency in Iraq," Friedrich Ebert Stiftung- Al-Bayan Center for Planning and Studies, 2020.
[3] F. A. Sultan, "Determine the Electrical Energy Saving in Residential Sector of Iraq," American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2019.
[4] H. Mohamed, J. D. Chang, and M. Alshayeb, “Effectiveness of High Reflective Roofs in Minimizing Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings in Iraq,” in Procedia Engineering, 2015, vol. 118. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.526.
[5] IEA, "Iraq's Energy Sector: A Roadmap to a Brighter Future, Paris," International Energy Agency (IEA), April 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/reports/iraqs-energy-sector-a-roadmap-to-a-brighter-future. [Accessed 27 August 2021].
[6] V. Motuziene and T. Vilutiene, “Modelling the Effect of the Domestic Occupancy Profiles on Predicted Energy Demand of the Energy Efficient House,” Procedia Eng., vol. 57, pp. 798–807, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2013.04.101
[7] H. I. Mohamed, J. Lee, and J. D. Chang, “The Effect of Exterior and Interior Roof Thermal Radiation on Buildings Cooling Energy,” in Procedia Engineering, 2016, vol. 145. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.128.
[8] A. C. D. B. R. B. Anna Carolina MENEZES, "Predicted vs. Actual Energy Performance of Non-Domestic Buildings: Using Post Occupancy Evaluation Data to Reduce the Performance Gap," Applied Energy, vol. 97, p. 355–364, 2012.
[9] T. T. M. D. Christine Demanuele, "Bridging the gap between predicted and actual energy performance in schools," World Renewable Energy Congress, vol. XI, pp. 25-30, 2010.
[10] P. M. X. P. Liping Wang, "Uncertainties in energy consumption introduced by building operations and weather for a medium-size office building," Energy and Buildings, vol. 53, pp. 152-158, 2012.
[11] P. X.W.Zou, D. Wagle and M. Alam, "Strategies for minimizing building energy performance gaps between the design intend and the reality," Energy and Buildings, vol. 191, pp. 31-41, 2019.
[12] E. H. ·. G. S. Leslie K. Norford · R.H. Socolow, "Two-to-one discrepancy between measured and predicted performance of a 'low-energy' office building: Insights from a reconciliation based on the DOE-2 model," Energy and Buildings, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 121-131, 1994.
[13] S. Gokhan Kazar, "The Impact of User Behavior on Energy Consumption - A Case Study of Kilyos Saritepe Campus Dormitory," in 12. International Congress on Advances In Civil Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 2016.
[14] P. X. Zoua and M. Alamb, "Closing the building energy performance gap through component level analysis and stakeholder collaborations," Energy and Buildings, vol. 224, p. 110276, 2020.
[15] E. Azar and C. C. Menassa, "A comprehensive analysis of the impact of occupancy parameters in energy simulation of office buildings," Energy and Buildings, vol. 55, pp. 841-853, 2012.
[16] C. Changa, N. Zhua and J. Shanga, "The study of occupant behavior analysis of Inner Mongolia in regard to heating energy consumption," Procedia Engineering, vol. 205, p. 915–922, 22 October 2017.
[17] K. B. JANDA, "Buildings don't use energy: People do," Architectural Science Review , vol. 54, no. q, pp. 15-22, 2011.
[18] R. V. Andersen, J. Toftum, K. K. Andersen and B. W.Olesen, "Survey of occupant behavior and control of indoor environment in Danish dwellings," Energy and Buildings, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 11-16, 2009.
[19] S. Kelly, M. Shipworth, D. Shipworth, M. Gentry, A. Wright, M. Pollitt and K. L. Doug Crawford-Brown, "Predicting the diversity of internal temperatures from the English residential sector using panel methods," Applied Energy, vol. 102, pp. 601-621, 2012.
[20] T. De Meester, A. F. Marique, A. De Herde, and S. Reiter, “Impacts of occupant behaviours on residential heating consumption for detached houses in a temperate climate in the northern part of Europe,” Energy Build., vol. 57, pp. 313–323, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2012.11.005.
[21] A. Al-Mumin, O. Khattab, and G. Sridhar, “Occupants’ behavior and activity patterns influencing the energy consumption in the Kuwaiti residences,” Energy Build., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 549–559, Jul. 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00167-6.
[22] World Bank Group, "Climate Change Knowledge Portal," The World Bank Group, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/iraq. [Accessed 27 August 2021].
[23] M. A. Aktacir, O. Büyükalaca, and T. Yilmaz, “A case study for influence of building thermal insulation on cooling load and air-conditioning system in the hot and humid regions,” Appl. Energy, vol. 87, no. 2, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.05.008.
[24] J. I. Kadury and S. D. Ali, “Thermal Insulation of Building Materials,” Diyala J. Eng. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28–44, 2010, [Online]. Available: https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/39116.
[25] A. A. Hasan, "Available Ways For Energy Conservation in Iraqi Residence Sector," Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences, vol. 29, pp. 32-50, 2012.
[26] A. W. Abood, K. M. Al-Obaidi, H. Awang and A. M. A. Rahman, "Achieving energy efficiency through industrialized building system for residential buildings in Iraq," International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 4, p. 78–90, 2015.
[27] Y. Ameen, O. Al-Yozbaky, and M. Al-Hafidh, “Energy Efficiency Enhancement for Residential Sector: Case Study of Lighting in Iraq,” Al-Rafidain Eng. J., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 53–62, 2021.
[28] T. Huo, W. Cai, W. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Zhao, and X. Zhu, “How does income level impact residential-building heating energy consumption? Micro-level evidence from household surveys,” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., vol. 91, p. 106659, Nov. 2021.
[29] J. Neves and T. Oliveira, "Understanding energy-efficient heating appliance behavior change: The moderating impact of the green self-identity," Energy, vol. 225, p. 120169, 2021.
[30] Y. G. Yohanis, “Domestic energy use and householders’ energy behaviour,” Energy Policy, vol. 41, pp. 654–665, Feb. 2012.
[31] E. Delzendeha, S. Wua, A. Lee and Y. Zhoub, "The impact of occupants’ behaviours on building energy analysis: A research review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 80, pp. 1061-1071, 2017. | ||
Statistics Article View: 151 PDF Download: 222 |