HISTO-MORPHOMETRIC COMPARSION STUDY OF THE COLON IN SHEEP AND GOAT IN SOUTH IRAQ.

Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
441
HISTO-MORPHOMETRIC COMPARSION STUDY OF THE COLON IN
SHEEP AND GOAT IN SOUTH IRAQ.
Eyhab R. M. AL-Samawy*, Diyar M.H.Kadhim**, Dina Hamid Sadiq***,
Israa Jawad**,Ihab Abbas Taher*
*Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine,University of AL Muthanna, AL Muthanna,Iraq
**Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,University of AL Muthanna, AL
Muthanna,Iraq
***College of Nursing,university of Basrah,Basrah, Iraq.
Key words: Goat, Large intestine, Mucosa.
Corresponding Author: eyhabrazzaq2@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In the present study, the histo-morphometric comparison study of colon in goat and sheep was
aimed. Ten of clinically healthy sheep and goats of both sexes were collected by Al-Simawa
abattoir, age ranged between 2 to 3 years, which was estimated according to the dental equation
of the animals. The colon was cut and stained alternatively with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)
and (PAS).
The epithelium was simple tall columnar epithelia that has goblet cells, these epithelia lining the
folds of mucosa . In sheep the folds characters by a large number of goblet cells and the fold
appeared long leaf-shaped folds arranged in a zig-zag pattern , whereas, in goat appeared short
and blunt. The submucosa of the colon in the animals composed of abundant, dense connective
tissue containing blood vessels and nerves. The muscularis externia composed of a thin, outer
longitudinal layer and a thick inner circular layer between this was a narrow connective tissue.
Externally, there was coated with layer of simple squamous epithelium under which was a thin
layer of loose connective tissue containing a few small elastic fibers.
INTRODUCTION
The digestive system is the only system, which satisfies the energy need of the body through
absorption of nutrients and thus it makes the powerful relation with nature by digesting various
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
442
types of feed, which are digested to specific animals. The large intestine is the termination of the
ileum to the anus. The function of the large intestine is absorption of considerable quantity of
water, vitamins and electrolytes and production of mucus (1).
The prime function of the colon as part of the large intestine is to reclaim excess moisture and
return it to the body (2). In the process, fecal balls are formed, which can be passed through the
rectum and are expelled out the anus (3).
Previous macroscopic and microscopic studies were conducted on the large intestine of different
mammalian species. They showed its construction of three principal parts that were cecum, colon
(transverse colon, ascending colon and descending colon) and rectum. Microscopically, the wall
throughout its length is constructed of tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and
serosa or adventitia (4). The mucosa is made of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria with
intestinal glands lymphatic nodule and lamina muscularis. Lymphatic nodules are aggregated in
the vicinity of the latter structure. Intestinal glands are lined by tall columnar cells, argentaffin
cells and goblet cells. The latter type of cells is in highest number at the rectum (5).
Undigested feed and unabsorbed nutrients leaving the small intestine pass into this
compartment. The functions of the large intestine include water absorption and further digestion
of feed materials by microorganisms. The large intestine is comprised of the colon and rectum.
Fecal pellets are formed in the end portion of the spiral colon. The capacity of the large intestine
of goats ranges from 1 1/4to 11/2 gallons. (6).
In the present study, the histo-morphometric comparison study of colon in goat and sheep were
aimed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens from ten of clinically healthy sheep and goats of both sexes were collected by Al-
Simawa abattoir. The animals' age ranged between 2 to 3 years, which was estimated according
to the dental equation of the animals. The study was carried during the period extended from
2017 to 2018. From the dissected animals, mid part of each segment of the colon was cut and
fixed at 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48-72 h. The tissues were dehydrated in an ascending
series of graded ethanol and then embedded in paraffin wax. By rotary microtome, sections were
cut at 6 μm thicknesses, dewaxed in xylene, hydrated in descending graded ethanol and the
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
443
tissues were then mounted on grease free clean glass slides. The slides were prepared at room
temperature stained alternatively with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and (PAS). The prepared
slides were studied using a light microscope (Olympus binocular microscope). Photomicrographs
of the prepared slides mounted on the binocular microscope were taken using a digital
microscope objective. These pictures were then transferred to a computer and detailed studies
were carried out.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Morphological study:
The colon is about 7–9.5 m long, and consists of the ascending , transverse and descending
colon. The ascending colon, the longest part of the large intestine, has three parts. The proximal
loop runs chronically for a short distance to the plane of the right kidney, where it doubles back
dorsal to the first part and the cecum. It then turns mediodorsally around the caudal border of the
mesentery and runs cranially on the left .Side of the mesentery. Near the left kidney it becomes
narrower and turns ventrally into the elliptical coil formed by the spiral loop. The transverse
colon (2nd part of colon) crosses the abdomen in the umbilical region formed a wide U-shaped
curve. This part was bended downward near the region of the spleen forming the left colic
flexure then continues as descending colon. The latter extends from the left colic flexure to the
pelvic below. It occupied the left upper and lower quadrants.
Light microscopy
The colon wall in the studied animals consists of four histological layers (Fig.1, 2) mucosa,
submucosa, muscularis and serosa this study agreement with (1,5)
1- Tunica mucosa:
This layer is formed from the three sublayers; the epithelium was simple columnar epithelia
that have goblet cells (Fig.1 ) these epithelia lining the circular folds of mucosa (Fig.1,A) this
result agree with (7) in bovine. In sheep the folds characters by a large number of goblet cells
and the fold appeared long leaf-shaped folds arranged in a zig-zag pattern (Fig.2, A), whereas, in
goat appeared short and blunt ( Fig.1, A).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
444
The lamina propria formed from the loosely aggregation connective tissue with the presence of
mucosal glands was simple branched tubular glands that lining by simple cuboidal epithelia
(Fig.1,b ) which have simple duct open between the fold and occupy most of the lamina propria
between the base of the folds and the muscularis mucosa. The propria containing blood vessels,
nerve and lymphocytes, the lamina propria extend inside the circular mucosa folds this study
agreement with (1,5)
The last layer of the mucosa was formed from smooth muscle fibers called the muscularis
mucosa; this separated the mucosa from the submucosa layer. Muscularis mucosa appeared as
circularly arranged smooth muscle bundles interrupted by the presence of mucosal glands in the
lamina propria in sheep (Fig.1,C ), whereas, in goat appeared thinner layer of circularly arranged
smooth muscle fibers separating the mucosa from the underlying submucosa (Fig. 2,C) this study
was previously reported by( 8,9,10).The mean thickness of this tunica in sheep was 3401m,
whereas, in the goat was 3281.1 m .
2- Tunica Submucosa:
The submucosa of the colon in the animals composed of abundant, dense connective tissue
(Fig. 1, C). The mean thickness of this tunica in sheep was 132.2 m, whereas, in the goat was
112.5 m .
3- Tunica Muscularis :
The muscularis externia composed of a thin, outer longitudinal layer and a thick inner circular
layer between this was a narrow connective tissue layer this in sheep (Fig.1, b), whereas, in the
goat this tunica was collected of smooth muscle fibers oriented in three main directions,(Fig.2,b)
the external layer is longitudinal, the middle layer is circular, and the internal layer was oblique
this study was similar with (11) in ruminants. The mean thickness of this tunica in sheep was
3602.8m, whereas, in the goat was 3632.3m .
4- Serosa
Externally, there is a coated with layer of simple squamous epithelium under which was a thin
layer of loose connective tissue containing a few small elastic fibers (Fig. 1,C ) Blood vessels
and nerves this study agreement with previous study with (7) in bovine and (12) in phllippine
carabao (Bubalus Bubalis) and (13). The mean thickness of this tunica in sheep was 101m,
whereas, in the goat was 99.3m .
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
445
Fig.1. Cross section in the wall of colon in sheep showed mucosa (A.yellow double head arrow),
submucosa (B), muscularis externa (C. brown double head arrow) , serosa (D), intestinal glands (E. Red
double head arrow), goblet cells (F), connective tissue (white stars) in submucosa and between smooth
muscle bundles of muscularis externa (black stars) H&E, . (a): PAS X 200 (b) and Lille’s Alchrome
stain, X200( c).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
446
Fig.2. Cross section in the wall of colon in goat showed mucosa (A.yellow double head arrow),
submucosa (B), muscularis externa (C. brown double head arrow) , serosa (D), intestinal glands (E. Red
double head arrow), goblet cells (F), connective tissue (white stars) in submucosa and between smooth
muscle bundles of muscularis externa (black stars)
H&E, X100. (a): PAS X 400 (b) and Lille’s Alchrome stain, X200( c).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
447
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