Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
201
TOXICOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY OF AFLATOXIN B2 IN WILD
PIGEON MAINLY IN NERVOUS, RESPIRATORY AND
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Methaq A. Alrubaae..
Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Medicine College, Basrah,
Iraq
Keyword: pigeon, brain, lung, aflatoxin B2
Corresponding authormethaq2.rada@gmail.com:
ABSTRACT
The study was done on sixty bird divided equally into four groups, first
group untreated control, second group low dose, third group intermediate
dose and forth group high dose. The toxic effect of aflatoxin B2 in pigeon
result in histopathological changes in digestive tract mainly interstatial edema
in muscular layer of muscularis externa with prominent (thicken) muscularis
externa, large blood vessels in the serosa with congestion perivascular
fibrosis and prominent adipose tissue and elongation of villi of small
intestine, vacuolation of ilet of Langerhans of pancreas. In the
proventricullus, prominent lamina properia and focal congestion and dilated
mucus gland of lamina properia. proventricullus with dilated mucous gland.
In the respiratory system in lung areas of inflammatory cells in alveoli. In
nervous system in brain with vacuolation in white matter.
INTRODUCTION
[1] study the effect of aflatoxin and fumonisin B1 on blood biochemical
parameters in broilers. [2] did biochemical and histopathological analysis of
aflatoxicosis in growing hens fed with commercial poultry feed. [3] Studied
the pathologic effect of low grade aflatoxicity in broilers. Production of
aflatoxin from aspergillus flavus and acute aflatoxicosis in young broiler
chicks [4]. [5] study histopathological changes in broiler chicken feed
aflatoxin and cyclo piazonic acid. [6] did biochemical and histopathological
analysis of aflatoxins induced toxicity in liver and kidney of rat.[7] studied
histopathological alteration in aflatoxicity and its amelioration with herbo -
mineral toxin binder in broilers.[8] did histopathological study of quails liver
experimentally induced by aflatoxin. Interaction of aflatoxin and/or
Salmonella haardt on immunized pigeons [9]. [10] exposure of garden birds
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
202
to aflatoxin in britin. [11] did overview of aflatoxicosis of poultry.[12] did
aflatoxin in poultry.[13 ]did effect of dilatory afladetox on performance in
broiler.[14] effect of low level of aflatoxin on performance biochemical
parameter and broiler liver tissue. [15] studied aflatoxin in effecting broiler
performance immunity and gastro intestinal tract. Aim of the study is to find
the toxic effect of aflatoxin B2 poisoning histopathological on respiratory ,
digestive and nervous system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty wild caught pigeons brought from basrah local market treated with aflatoxin
B2 by diet. The experiment was done on 4 groups (15 bird on each group). First group
untreated control, second group low dose, third group intermediate dose and forth
group high dose. The experiment was done by dietary administration that the mixing
aflatoxin B2 with diet as 13 ml of 1 ppm of aflatoxin B2 in 250 g of feed. While
untreated control were feed only normal grains. The experiment was done for 8
weeks. After that birds were sacrificed, tissue were taken from several internal organs
including digestive, respiratory and nervous system. Then tissue were fixed in 10%
neutral buffered formalin after fixation samples of tissue were taken impeded in
paraffin and then paraffin blocks were made cut on microtome at 5m then slides were
made and stained with (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain)
RESULT
Light microscopy of lung stained with H&E stain showed areas of inflammatory
cells and dilated bronchi as in(fig1), with high magnification, areas of inflammatory
cells, bronchus dilated filled with inflammatory cells and dilated alveoli (fig2).
pancreas with mainly exocrine glandular structure (fig3). In (fig4, and fig 5) pancreas
with focal congestion and periductal fibrosis. Proventricullus with prominent lamina
properia and focal congestion and dilated mucus gland of lamina properia as were
shown in (fig6 and fig 7). Small intestine with elongation of villi in( fig 8),
interstitial edema in muscular layer of muscularis externa in( fig 9), interstitial edema
in muscular layer of muscularis externa with prominent (thicken) muscularis externa
in( fig 10) , congestion in the serosa in fig (11) and large blood vessels in the serosa
with congestion perivesicular fibrosis and prominent adpose tissue in (fig 12). Brain
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
203
with vacuolation in white matter (fig 13 and fig 14). Stomach with dilated mucous
gland (fig 15 and fig 16).
Fig 3: (normal) pancreas with mainly
exocrine glandular structure (10x)
Fig 4: pancreas with focal congeson
and periductal fibrosis arrows (10x)
Fig 2: lung with areas of inflammatory
cells, bronchus dilated filled with
inflammatory cells and dilated alveoli
arrow(40x)
Fig1: lung with areas of inflammatory
cells and dilated bronchi (10x)
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
204
Fig 5: pancreas with focal congeson
and periductal fibrosis (40x)
Fig 6: proventricullus with prominent
lamina properia and focal congestion and
dilated mucus gland of lamina properia
(10x)
Fig7: prventricullus with promement
lamina properia and focal congestion
and dilated mucus gland of lamina
properia(40x)
Fig 8:Small intesne with elongation
of villi arrows ( 10x)
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
205
,
Fig 9: Small intesne with intersal
edema in muscular layer of muscularis
externa arrow ( 10x)
Fig 11: Small intesne with Congeson
in the serosa arrow (10x)
Fig 10: Small intesne with intersal
edema in muscular layer of muscularis
externa with prominent (thicken)
muscularis externa arrows (10x
Fig 12: Small intesne with large blood
vessels in the serosa with congestion
perivesicular fibrosis and prominent
adpose tissue arrow (10x)
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
Fig 13: brain with vacuolaon in
white matter arrow (10x)
Fig 15: : proventricullus with dilated
mucous gland arrow(10x)
al 206
Fig 14: brain with vacuolaon in white
matter arrow (40x)
Fig 16: : proventricullus with dilated mucous
gland arrow(40x)
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
207
DISCUSSION
[1] only did biochemical effect of aflatoxin, while the present research was
castrated on the histopathological effect.[2] they studied biochemical and
histopathological changes, the present study was mainly on histopathological changes
on digestive tract, respiratory and nervous system but indicate that the aflatoxin B2
can induced pathological changes in different organs and system.[3]studied
pathological changes in the lung induced by aflatoxin, the present study also found
lesion induced by aflatoxinB2 in the lung.[4]in there study of aflatoxins from
aspergellus flavus found lesion in different visceral organs. The present paper also
found changes in different system such as digestive, respiratory and nervous system.
[5] studied histopathological changes in the intestine, the present study also found
histopathological lesions in digestive system, respiratory and nervous system.[6] did
biochemical and histopathological toxicity of aflatoxin rats. The present paper was
done on toxicity of aflatoxin B2 on various systems in pigeon in toxicated by
aflatoxin B2.[7] in there study and histopathological alteration induced by aflatoxin in
broiler.the present paper also found that aflatoxin can give lesions in different system
such as respiratory, digestive and nervous system of birds in toxicated by aflatoxin
B2.[8] found histopathological lesion in quail liver inducd by aflatoxin. The present
paper also found histopathological lesion in different system induced by aflatoxin in
pigeon.[9] investigated the immune reaction of aflatoxin B1 and /or salmonella. The
present paper concentrated mainly on histopathological lesion on different system
induced by aflatoxin B2 in pigeons.[10] in the study on garden birds effected by
aflatoxin in britin reported changes in the liver. The present paper also found various
lesion in respiratory, digestive and nervous system induced by aflatoxin B2 in
pigeon.[11] studied of aflatoxicosis in poultry. The present paper investigated the
pathological lesions induced by aflatoxin in different system in pigeon.[12] studied
the aflatoxin B1 and prevention in poultry. The present paper studied the
histopathological lesion in different system induced by aflatoxin B2 in pigeon.[13] did
effect of dilatory aflaDetox performance in broilers and reported histopathological
changes in the liver. The present study found histpathological changes in different
system induced by aflatoxin in pigeon.[14] in his biochemical and histopathological
study on aflatoxin in broiler found changes in the liver. The present paper also found
histopathological changes in digestive, respiratory, nervous system induced by
aflatoxin B2 in pigeon.[15] did investigated performance immunity and gastro
intestinal tract effected by aflatoxin in broiler. The present study also studied the
histopathological lesion in digestive and respiratory in pigeons effected by aflatoxin
B2.
Conclusions
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
208
Pigeons gave very good indication it can be good experimental model on aflatoxin
poisoning.
على الجھاز العصبی والجھاز التنفسی B التاثیرات الامراضیة السامة للأفلاتوکسین 2
والھضمی فی الحمام البری
میثاق عبد الرضا الربیعی ..
فرع الامراض وامراض الدواجن ، کلیة الطب البیطری ، البصرة ، العراق
الخلاصة
أجریت الدراسة على ستین طائر مقسمة بالتساوی إلى أربع مجامیع، المجموعة الأولى غیر المعالجة
السیطرة، المجموعة الثانیة قلیلة الجرعة ، المجموعة الثالثة متوسطة الجرعة والمجموعة الرابعة عالیة
فی الحمام نتجت عنھ تغیرات نسیجیة مرضیة فی الجھاز الھضمی B الجرعة . التأثیر السام للأفلاتوکسین 2
بشکل رئیسی وذمة بینیة فی طبقة عضلیة خارجیة مع عضلات خارجیة بارزة (ممیّزة) ، أوعیة دمویة کبیرة فی
المصل مع احتقان فی الأوعیة المحیطة ووجود نسیج بارز واستطالة زغابات. الأمعاء الدقیقة ، وآفات تنکسیة
لجزر لانغرھانس للبنکریاس. فی الصفیحة الظاھرة البارزة والغدیة یوجد احتقان البؤری وتوسیع الغشاء
المخاطی للصفیحة. اما المعدة فیکون الغشاء المخاطی متوسع. آماقی الجھاز التنفسی فی مناطق الرئة فیکون
ارتشاح الخلایا الالتھابیة فی الحویصلات الھوائیة. وفی الجھاز العصبی فأن الدماغ یحتوی على افات تنکسیة فی
المادة البیضاء.
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