Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
391
DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN GOAT IN ALQADISIYA
PROVINCE
Mansoor Jadaan Ali Alkhaled ,Weam Abbas Hamad
College Of Veterinary Medicine,University of of Al-Qadisiyah,Al-Qadisiyah,Iraq
Key word : cryptosporidiosis , goat , intestine protozoa
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted during the period from September 2015 until
April 2016. 100 fecal samples was collected from goats to diagnosis of
cryptosporidium parasite from different regions in AL-Qadisiya province and the
study designed to evaluate the microscopic features of the parasite.The results of
microscopic examination showed that the oocyst of parasite appearedoval-shaped or
spherical objects with a color dark pink, or red on a blue ground ,21(21%) goats out
100cases were positivewith significant differences at level (P < 0.05) The results
showed that the highest rate of infection (31.5%) were observed in the ages (6-12)
year respectively, while the lowest rate of infection (11.1%) that was observed in the
ages (1-3) year . There are effects of the sex in the infection in goats. The highest
rates of infection (33.3 %) were seen in December and lowest rate (8.3%) were
observed in September , while the other months, showed different results, with
significant differences at (P < 0.05) From the results , it was observed that the rate of
infection in different study area were relatively close ,and ranged between (18.7-
23.3%) , so there has been non- significant differences at level (P > 0.05)and using of
ocular micrometer for determination of length and width of oocyststhat showedthe
measurement from (4.5-5)μm .
INTRODUCTION
Cryptosporidiosis represents the public health concern of water utilities in
developed country (1). Transmission of Cryptosporidiosis is through ingestion of
oocysts from the infected individuals by contaminated food, water and pasture (1;2)
Currently there are approximately 25 valid species and more than 50 genotypes of
cryptosporidium (3,4). The species identified .C. parvum, C. xiaio and C. hominis
may infect goats (5). The parasite is considered one of the basically enteric pathogens
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
392
comparison with neonatal diarrhea and mortality in lambs and goat kids (6,7) .(8) in
Baghdad province and(9)that a few studies have genotyped Cryptosporidium spp
from goats in the world. Previous studies indicated that Cryptosporidium parvum was
the dominant Cryptosporidium species, as well as Cryptosporidium xiaio,
Cryptosporidium hominis, a goat genotype, and a new Cryptosporidium genotype
have also been detected in goats (3,10and 11). and recently C. xiaio from two
diarrheic kids less than 21 days old (12). In eight adult goats in Peru, (13)showed the
presence of another species: Cryptosporidium ubiquitum .
MATERIAL AND METHOD
One hundredFecal samples were collected randomly from goat in different age
range from 1 month to 5 years old ,from both sexes during the period beginning
from September 2015 to end of April 2016 the study involved different regions in
province of AL-Qadisiya. microscopic examination the oocyst detected by
examination each sample by pigmented the swab by Modified Ziel -Neelsen
(MZN)(14) And flotation by using sheather,s solution (15), using of ocular
micrometer for determination of length and width of oocysts . The results of the
present study were analyzed by SPSS program (version) software 2010, using
Chi-square test(X²) and P values of p < 0.05 .
RESULT
Diagnostic characterization of cryptosporidium spp of microscopically
examination Cryptosporidium parasitewere seen in goot when examined under
high oil emersion (100) lens of microscopic as in figures show oval-shaped or
spherical objects with a color dark pink, or red on a blue ground and using
flotation method figure (1)
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
393
Figure(1) :-show cryptosporidium in goat stained with M Z N magnification (100x)and flotation method .the
rang of it size (4.5-5μm) Measured by ocular.
The highest rates of infection (33.3 %) were seen in December and lowest rate (8.3%)
were observed in September , while the other months, showed different results, with
significant differences at (P < 0.05) as in table(1)
Table (1) microscopic examination of goats according to the month of study
Month Exanimated No Positive No Percentage %
September 12 1 8.3 % A
October 16 3 18.7 B
November 24 5 20.8 % AB
December 18 6 33.3 % C
January 5 1 20 % BC
February 25 5 20 % BC
Total 100 21 21 %
The similar letters refers to the non – significant differences whereas The different letters denote to the
significant differences of (P < 0.05).
From the results , it was observed that the rate of infection in different study area
were relatively close ,and ranged between (18.7-23.3%) , so there has been nonsignificant
differences at level (P > 0.05) among those percentages as in table(2)
Table (2) microscopic examination of goat cryptosporidiosis according to area of
the study
Region Examination No Positive No Percentage%
City Center 30 7 23.3 % A
Al-Nora 16 3 18.7 % A
Al-Daghara 24 5 20.8 % A
Al-Sania 5 1 20 % A
Al-bidder 25 5 20 % A
Total 100 21 21 %
The similar letters refers to the non – significant difference at (P < 0.05).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
394
The results showed that the highest rate of infection (31.5%) were observed in the
ages (6-12) year respectively, while the lowest rate of infection (11.1%) that was
observed in the ages (1-3) year and the groups show significant differences at level
(P < 0.05) as in table(3)
Table (3 ) microscopic examination of goats according to the age
Age Exanimated No Positive No Percentage %
1-6 month 40 8 20 % AB
6-12 month 19 6 31.5 % A
1-3 years 18 2 11.1 % B
3-5 years 23 5 21.7 % AB
Total 100 21 21 %
The similar letters refers to the non – significant differences whereas The different letters denote to the
significant differences of (P < 0.05).
Goat showed significant differencesbetween male and female at(P < 0.05).as in table
(4)
Table (4) microscopic examination of goats Cryptosporidiosis according to sex
Type Total Male Positive
No
Percentage % Female Positive
No
Percentage %
Goat 100 23 7 30.4% A 77 14 18.1% B
in goat The different letters denote to the significant(P>0.05)
DISSCUSION
The present study was performed to diagnosis Cryptosporidiosis disease in goats in
AL-Qadisiya province due to the economic losses produced from this disease and the
studies about this animals specially goat detection by microscopic examination for
fecal samples by making slid from it sample than staining by ZN stain(14).
The results in the present study the total infection of Cryptosporidium is 21% in
goat .That will agree with our study and compare the result with other study in the
same area, it is closely to(16) .Which was in goat 17.4% we noted that in(17)in
Baghdad 5.85%,(18) 10.77 %in goat also in Baghdad .
In the world , in Brazil which recorded 30% by (19,20) in Turkey also recorded
30% by (21) in goat but our study higher from(22) in Iran the rate was 3.8% , 12% in
Turkey recorded by(23) and in Nageria by(24) which is 22.7%in goat . In Bangladesh
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
395
, in Iran 11.3% (25) but high infection Cryptosporidium spp oocysts were observed
in 30.51% (18/59) of goat kids. In goat (42.9%)in Korea (26) .
The reason for these results is that depend on many factors like size of sample
,breeding condition , the method of diagnosis may have great effect on the detection
of the rate of infection , in Iraq smallruminants breeding in openingfarmyard with
low number but in world it breeds in the flock in large number in small area lead to
infect , the water which is a great source of transmition (27) the effected of
environment factor is limited because of the oocyst will be sporulated without any
special circumstance and have resistant to high temperature and humidity ,on the
other hand the viability of oocyst reduce with high temperature up to 15c (28) in Iraq
the infection will be lower because it is from semi tropical area compared with world
low-temperature areas.
According to the months of study , the result are relatively different between the
month in goat the highest range in December which was 33.3% and the lowest range
was 8.3% in September . In the present study in an agreement with the (29)in Dylla.
He recorded that high infection rate in November , The reason of that make the
climatic conditions which keep the oocyst in environment still survive ,and prepare
the condition with the season of birth and milking in this month .The mosquito plays
an important role by transmition of Cryptosporidium also in this month will breed
deferent number of animal , additionally the months that included in current study
were not includeall the month of year all that important for different the rate of
infection in the month
Our study pointed that the goat there is no significant difference between the area
of our study that was agree with(30) which reported to that ,there is no significant
difference between the area of study that was be deferent with the (31) (32)they refer
to that there is a significant difference between the area of study .
The random way of breeding to defriend animal in the same area in large
number lead to contamination the water ,milk ,feed ,with oocyst and accumulation of
feces in the same area which is best media for keeping oocyst a life .
According to the age in goat the highest rate of infection in age 6-12 month and
the lowest 11.1% in age 1-3 years that attributed to immunity depuration in the season
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
396
of birth (33,34 , 35) which refer the mothers which infected in the younger age but it
stop shedding oocyst in the weaning which return to shedding oocyst in birth season
with Immunosuppression .
According to sex , our study was showed in goat there was a significant deferent
between male and female that agree with(36)and (37) in Baghdad in goat, which
pointed to that the parasite have no sex specify , both sex have the ability to infect
and because of it breeding mix together and not separate the infected animal from the
flock.
دراسة التشخیص الجزیئی للابواغ الخبیئھ فی الماعز فی محافظة القادسیة
منصور جدعان علی الخالدی ، وئام عباس حمد
کلیة الطب البیطری ،جامعة القادسیة ،القادسیھ |،العراق
الخلاصة
أجریت الدراسة خلال الفترة الممتدة من شھر أیلول 2015 ولغایة شھر نیسان 2016 تم جمع
100 عینة براز من الماعز من مختلف أقضیة ونواحی محافظة القادسیة صممت ھذه الدراسة لمعرفة
الصفات المجھریة لأکیاس البیض للطفیلی حیث
أرضیةزرقاءوکانت النتیجھ 21 ظھرتأجسامبیضاویةالشکلأوکرویةمعاللونالوردیالداکن،أوالأحمرعل
- معدلللإصابةفیالماعزفیعمر ( 6 21% ) مناالماعز 100 حالةإیجابیة ولوحظأنأعل )
وکان ھناکتاثیر للجنسفیإصابةالماعز .ولوحظ (P < 12 )شھرمعوجوداختلافاتکبیرةفیمستوى المعنویة ( 0.05
ان اعلى نسبھ اصابھ فی شھر کانون الاول حیث بلغت(% 33.3 )بینما کانت اقل نسبھ اصابھ فی
شھرایلولحیث بلغت نسبھ الاصابة ( 8.3 %) . وکانت الاصابة حسب مناطق الدراسھ لوحظ تقارب فی
4.5-5 )وقد تم التحلیل μm) النتائج ،وقدتم استخدام القیاس المجھریلاکیاس البیض حیث بلغ معدل مابین
.SPSS الاحصائی بواسطة برنامج
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