COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT ON TAURINE ANDSIMVASTATIN IN MALE RATS

Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
146
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT ON
TAURINE ANDSIMVASTATIN IN MALE RATS
Nameer A.Kareem Al zubaidi ,Mortadha Salh Hatim
Department of Physiology, pharmacology and chemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine-
Basrah
Keywords: cholesterol, taurine, hypercholesterolemia.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Taurine as hypocholesterolemic agent
and compare with the results of simvastatin drug on male rats. The experiment consisted of 36
adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighting range 170 -200 gm divided into six groups (six for
each), the control group were fed on standard ration for four weeks while cholesterol group fed
on standard ration and (10gm/kg/ration) cholesterol. The third group treated by taurine
(0.7mg/day/rat) in drinking water while fourth group treated by simvastatin (0.05 mg/day/rat) in
drinking water during animal fed on cholesterol in standard ration for 4 weeks. The fifth and six
group animals fed standard ration and cholesterol for 4 weeks and then treated with taurine and
simvastatin (0.7 mg and 0.05 mg /day/rat) in drinking water for 4 weeks respectively.
At the end of study, the rats were sacrificed and blood serum was collected .The evaluation of
total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglyceride were
done and also AST and ALT were measured.
The results revealed there were a significant decreasing in the lipid profile parameters (TC, TG,
LDL-C and VLDL-C) and noted there were a significant increasing in HDL-C parameter of
taurine treated group and simvastatin treated group when compared with control and high
cholesterol groups. Taurine showed better effect on hepatic enzyme activities and lipid profile
parameters when compared with simvastatin treated groups.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
147
INTRODUCTION
The deleterious effect of high cholesterol diet appeared as an indicator of harassing an
individual's weight gain and impact on his daily lives as well as his life threatened.Globally,
around 39% of adults aged 25 and above had high cholesterol and a third of ischemic heart
disease is attributable to high cholesterol(13).This problem cause several diseases, the most
important are atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart attack (16 and 23). The
most famous drug used to reduce the total cholesterol level and other lipid profile parameters is a
statin group (5).one of them simvastatin, also known as HMG-COA reductase inhibitors which
limits cholesterol biosynthesis in addition simvastatin reduces VLDL and TG and increase HDLC.
Simvastatin like all medication, can cause side effects, some of the main side effects of
simvastatin are myopathy, increased blood sugar or type 2 diabetes, in addition neurological side
effects and there is evidence of harm to a baby when taken by pregnant woman (4,24 and 25).
Recently, the medication in the world tended to alternative the drugs and chemicals by the
natural extraction and materials (7,26).One of supplements is taurine, or 2-aminoethanesulfonic
acid, organic acid widely located in the tissues especially animal tissues(8 and 10) .It is a major
bulk of bile and can be found in the intestine and calculated for up to 0.1% of total human body
weight (17, 19).also they found in the animal tissues such as the retina, brain, liver, skeletal
muscle, myocardium, platelets, and leukocyte(3) .Taurine had many physiological functions
may give effects on the organs and other tissues, represented byneurotransmitter (inhibitory), cell
membrane stabilizing (21), fat metabolism and antioxidant (18).The most important function for
taurine that established by many researches, Last one done by (1).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty six male rats were used, their weight between 170-200gm in the present study. Which
divided into 6 groups (six for each group). These Rats were controlled in Coops (stainless steel)
in animal house with controlled temperature (25± 5C°)and humidity (50-60 %) in Laboratory
Animal House .They were given free access to the different dietary formalizations and water ad
labium for 4 weeks.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
148
The control group were fed on standard ration for four weeks and cholesterol group fed on
standard ration and (10gm/kg/ration) cholesterol. The third group treated by taurine
(0.7mg/day/rat) in drinking water and fourth group treated by simvastatin (0.05 mg/day/rat) in
drinking water during animal fed on cholesterol in standard ration for 4 weeks. The fifth and six
group animals fed standard ration and cholesterol for 4 weeks and treated with taurine and
simvastatin (0.7 mg and 0.05 mg /day/rat) in drinking water for 4 weeks respectively. Collected
bloodsample and send it to the centrifuge (10000 rpm for 30 minute) to extract serum of blood
for parameters of the study (lipid profile and AST and ALT parameters).The results of the
present study were examined by (ANOVA) test by using computerized SPSS (Statistical
Packages for the Social Sciences) V.18 program. P<0.05 was considered to be the limit of
significance. The data were interpreted as mean ± standard deviation (mean±SD).Least
significant difference test (LSD) was used to test the difference between groups (SPSS, 2016).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The effect of taurine supplementation and simvastatin drug on serum lipid profile are
presented in table(1).taurine supplementation with high cholesterol diet significantly decreased
TC,TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C concentration and significantly (P≤0.05) increased HDL-C
compared with animal fed a high cholesterol diet .Although there was no significant in TC values
among the treatment groups, but animal that fed on high cholesterol diet and supplemented with
taurine showed significant difference (increasing) in HDL-C and LDL-C concentration when
compared with animals treated by simvastatin drug whether the treatment mixed with cholesterol
feed or added after induced hypercholesterolemia because of effect of taurine on the influence of
enzyme that named 3-hydroxy-3 methylglotryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)(2,6 and
9), function of this enzyme is responsible on the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver ,while
function of taurine is to detraction of that enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) and stop of production
and synthesis of cholesterol , there is another role for taurine in the regular of LDL-C, this
enzyme called acyltransferase(ACAT) means that if this enzyme is decreased there is no LDL-C
out from the cell to the plasma (12,14 and 15),while simvastatin effecting based on enzyme that
named 3-hydroxy-3 methylglotryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) .
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
149
The effect of taurine and simvastatin drug on AST and ALT of hypercholesterolemic rat during
four weeks of treatment .the enzymes activities of AST and ALT were significantly
(P≤0.05)elevated in the serum of rats fed group on high cholesterol ration(CHT) in relation to all
of the treatment groups. Whereas taurine treated groups appeared significantly decrease AST and
ALT values when compared with animal treated by simvastatin drug through cholesterol feeding
and after induced hypercholesterolemia and those AST and ALT values of taurine treated groups
resemble to control values.AST and ALT are represent the liver enzymes in the assessment of
liver function (18), damage of the liver in cholesterol group causing the release of the AST and
ALT (13, 22 and 27). The elevation of Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase
(ALT) may cause hepatitis this is observed in cholesterol fed rats in standard ration and this
agreed with (12).Taurine treated groups significantly causing stability of AST and ALT
activities when compared with control and cholesterol groups and especially with simvastatin
treated groups and this is agreed with (11 and 20).
there is significant elevation of Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in
cholesterol fed rats with simvastatin when compared with taurine treated groups, this elevation
may be caused damage of the liver or occurrence of liver disorder, damage of the liver in
cholesterol group causing the release of the AST and ALT (13 and 8).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
150
Table (1) Effect of taurine and simvastatin on serum lipid profile in laboratory rats (Mean
± SD)
Parameter
Groups
TC
mg/dl
HDL –C
mg/dl
TG
mg/dl
LDL –C
mg/dl
VLDL
mg/dl
Control 83.33
±15.13
b
39.84
±6.45
bc
63.93
±3.44
cd
30.71
±13.79
c
12.78
±0.68
b
CHT 155.20
±17.86
a
11.71
±3.92
e
81.41
±7.59
a
127.21
±17.56
a
16.28
±1.52
a
CHTau.T 82.29
±7.30
b
43.74
±8.72
ab
68.84
±6.87
bc
28.075
±6.80
c
13.76
±1.37
ab
CH+Tau.T 86.00
±2.42
c
47.60
±5.49
a
60.10
±3.97
d
7.10
±1.30
d
12.01
±0.79
b
CH sim.T 92.34
±6.71
b
32.76
±5.79
cd
74.54
±4.54
ab
54.35
±7.79
b
12.89
±6.48
ab
CH+sim.T 94.37
±14.03
b
27.34
±5.47
d
71.03
±7.37
b
24.20
±3.95
c
14.20
±1.47
ab
LSD 1.04 3.90 2.18 2.63 1.75
Different letters means a significant difference at (P≤0.05) level.
Table (2) Effect of taurine and simvastatin on serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in laboratory rats (Mean ± SD).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
151
Different letters means a significant difference at (P≤0.05) level.
Parameter
Group
AST (GOT)u/L ALT(GPT)u/L
Control 66.83
±7.17
b
40.02
±6.25
bc
CHT 69.96
±6.63
b
59.44
±4.54
a
CHTau.T 65.30
±2.59
b
40.68
±2.11
bc
CH+Tau.T 67.33
±5.85
b
38.01
±4.47
c
CH sim.T 78.65
±5.29
a
56.05
±3.99
a
CH+sim.T 80.51
±3.94
a
43.19
±3.93
b
LSD 1.53 2.00
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
152
دراسة مقارنة التأثیر الخافض للکولسترول للتاورین والسمفاستاتین فی ذکور الجرذان المختبریة
نمیر عبد الکریم الزبیدی مرتضى صالح حاتم
فرع الفسلجة والادویة والکیمیاء ،کلیة الطب البیطری ، البصرة
الخلاصة
أجریت ھذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثیرالتاورین کعامل خافض للکولسترول ومقارنتھ مع نتائج عقارسیمفاستاتین على ذکور
200 جم مقسمة إلى ستم جامیع (ستة - الجرذان المختبریة. استعمل 36 من ذکورالجرذان المختبریة تتراوح اوزانھا بین 170
لکل مجموعة)،تم تغذیة مجموعة السیطرةعلى علیقة متوازنة بدون ای اضافة لأربعة أسابیع بینما تم اضافة الکولسترول ( 10
غم للکیلو غرام/علیقة) الى مجموعةالکولیسترول بالعلیقة المتوازنة.اما المجموعة الثالثة والرابعة تم اضافة التاورین
والسمفاستاتین( 0.7 ملغم و 0.05 ملغم للکیلو غرام /جرذ) الى ماء الشرب مع العلیقة المتوازنة المضافة لھا الکولسترول لمدة 4
أسابیع .تم تغذیةالمجموعةالخامسةوالسادسة على العلیقة المتوازنة مع الکولیسترول لمدة 4 أسابیع،ثم اضافة
التوالی فی میاه الشرب لمدة 4 􀂕 التاورینوالسیمفاستاتین( 0.7 ملغمللکیلو غرام /جرذ) و( 0.05 ملغم للکیلو غرام /جرذ) عل
أسابیع.
TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-) فی نھایة الدراسة،تمت التضحیة بالجرذان وجمع مصل الدم وقیاس مستوى الدھون الذی یتضمن
.( ALT و AST ) وکذلک تم قیاس وظیفة الکبد (C and VLDL-C
و ارتفاع واضح فی (TC,TG,LDL-C and VLDL-C) أظھرت النتائج انھ کان ھناک انخفاض فی معاییر مستوى الدھون
مع مجموعة التورین والسیمفاستاتین بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السیطرة ومجموعة الکولیسترول. أظھرالتاورین HDL-C معیار
أفضل تأثیرعلى الأنشطةا لإنزیمیة للکبد ومستوى الدھون بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السیمفاستاتین.
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