The French Position of the Assyrians in lraq for the Period (1932-1933) | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities | ||
| Article 16, Volume 2021, Issue 2, June 2021, Pages 1480-1503 PDF (451.2 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.37653/juah.2021.171401 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Anfal J. Ahmed; Ali H. Ali | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The colonial countries used the pretext of minorities protection as a tool of intervening in the internal affairs of the other countries in order to achieve the interests they were aiming at .The best example is France ,which has taken the instigation of the Assyrian Minority against, The Iraq government in (1933), as a means to interfere in the internal affairs of Iraq as a reaction a gainst the kings support to the French invasion .The research PaPer was devidad in to two basic axis ,the First spoke about Frances policy towards the minorities in Iraq up to the year(1932). While the second discussal Farnces role in Assyrian rebellion in (1933).The study relied on arrange of Sources the most important of which was (Basrah in French documents)by sadiq yassin AL-Hilo and (The making of modern Iraq )by Henry Foster. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Assyrian; France; Iraq | ||
| References | ||
|
1-Ghanem Mohammed Al-hafo, Iraqi-French relations 1968-1984, Faculty of Arts, Mustansiriya University, 1985.
2-Mikhail zaryurov, Crusaders in the East, (progress house, Moscow, 1986 ).
3-Ahmed said Nofal, Franco-Arab relations during France's position on the basic elements of the Palestinian issue, (kazima publishing, distribution and translation company, Kuwait, 1984).
4-Zainab Khader, legal protection of minorities in the Arab countries, PhD thesis, submitted to the Faculty of law for Political Sciences, Mohammed Khader university, 2017.
Hussein Ibrahim, the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire, factors of Rise and causes of fall, Vol.1, (university education House, d.M.,2014).
6-Matveev barmeti, the Assyrians and the Assyrian question in modern times, translated by:H.Da, Vol.1, (Al-Ahali press, Damascus, 1989).
Milad al-Megrahi, the history of modern Europe 1453-1848, Vol.1, (publications of GAR Yunus University, Benghazi, 1996).
8-Abdul Aziz Silman Nawar, the modern history of Iraq at the end of the reign of Daoud Pasha to the end of Midhat Pasha, (Dar Al-Kateb Al-Arabi for printing and publishing, Cairo, 1968 ).
10-Sadeq Yasin al-Helou, Basra in French documents, magazine (Arab Gulf), Issue (3), Basra, 1989.
12-Henry Foster, the emergence of modern Iraq, translated by Salim Taha al-Tikriti, Vol.2, (House of General Cultural Affairs, Baghdad, 1989).
Sadeq Yasin al-Hilu, European schools in Baghdad, 1850-1914, journal (Professor), number (sixth), Baghdad, 1995.
15-Abdel Jalil Shalaby, missionary missions, (Dar Al-Maarif ,Alexandria, 1977).
16-Sadeq Yasin al-Hilu, French activity in Baghdad in the XIX century, (d.N, Baghdad, 1994).
17-Ali Abdul Wahid al-Saegh, diplomatic relations of Iraq with the French Republic, magazine (al-Qadisiya), issues (3-4), Al-Qadisiya, 2007 .
18-Stephen Hensley Longcreek, the history of modern Iraq 1900-1950, translated by Salim Taha al-Tikriti, Vol.1, (Fajr publications, Baghdad, 1988).
19 Saleh Mohammed al-Abed, considers Britain's position on French activity in the Arabian Gulf 1798-1810, (Al-Ani press, Baghdad, 1979).
20-Alaa Musa Kazim, the Mamluk ruler in Iraq 1750-1811, (d.N, Baghdad, 1975).
22-Sadeq Yassin El Helou ,the European political and intellectual challenge, (Dr.N, Baghdad, 1988).
23-Zaki Saleh, the origin of British influence in Mesopotamia, (Association press, Baghdad, 1949).
. Fisher, E.(2001), the origins of modern European history, translated by Ahmed Abdel Rahim Mustafa, Vol.3, (Egypt, Dar Al-Maarif).
26-Michel Chevalier ,Christians in Hakkari and northern Kurdistan, translated by Nafi Tusa, (Atlas Printing Company Limited, Baghdad, 2010).
27-Anis al-nistouli , the causes of the Arab renaissance in the nineteenth century( Dar Ibn zidun, Beirut, 1985).
28-Ibrahim Khalil Ahmed, missionary challenge, (d.N, Baghdad, 1988).
30. shirkuh, B. ,The Kurdish issue, past and present of the Kurds, Vol.1 (Beirut, Dar Al-Kateb, 1986).
Saleh, the archaeological scout in Iraq, (Baghdad, Dar Al-Kitab Directorate for printing and publishing, 1987).
33-Aziz suryar Attiya, the history of Eastern Christianity, translated by Isaac Obeid, (Supreme Council for Culture, Cairo, 2005 ).
.Taylor, the struggle for the sovereignty of Europe 1847-1918 translated by Fadel gecter( Cultural Center, Beirut, 2009).
Mohammed Asfour Salman Salman, the reform movement in the Ottoman Empire and its impact in the Arab Levant 1839-1908, unpublished doctoral thesis, submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of Baghdad, 2005 .
40-Hayman, the first World War, translated by Hassan Aweida, Vol. 1, (Abu Dhabi Tourism and culture , United Arab Emirates, 2011 )
Shafiq Al-rashdat, Palestine's history, history and fate, Center for Arab unity studies, Dr.M, 1991 .
43-Saad Bashir Iskandar, the policy of Great Britain towards the future of Kurdistan 1915 - 1923, (Shafan press, Sulaymaniyah, 2007 )
45-James Barr, a line in the sand between Britain and France and the conflict that shaped the Middle East, translated by Maria Al-badihi, 1st floor, Dar Al-Saqi, Beirut, 2018 .
47-Majid Khadouri, the system of governance in Iraq, translated by Faisal Najmuddin, Maarif press, Baghdad, 1946.
Palmer,, Encyclopedia of modern history1789-1945, translated by Yusuf Muhammad Amin, Vol.2, (Dar Al-Ma'mun, Baghdad, 1992).
52-Abdul Rahman Al-Bazzaz, from occupation to independence, (Al-Ani press, Baghdad, 1967), P. 211
53-Al-Ahali newspaper, No. 123, on July 21, 1933.
54-the National Brotherhood newspaper, issues (496-497), on October 31 and November 1, 1933
55-Riad Naji al-Haidari, the Assyrians in Iraq 1918-1936, Vol.1, (al-Jilani press, Cairo, 1975).
56- D.K .O, the Iraqi Royal Court /Diwan, File No. 1178/311, a letter from the disposer of Mosul to the Ministry of Interior dated July 22, 1933, Document No. 36, p.77.
74-al-Qaisi, Abdul Wahab, the political and military history of the Assyrians in Iraq 1921-1999, Vol.1, (D.Ad, Arab House of institutions,2004).
75-Goud Cheo Bruna, years of hardship Battle of durbuan, 1st floor, (Dar Al-Mashreq cultural, Duhok, Dr.C).
79-Iraqi Times newspaper
82-Gharawi, Amin Sami, the story of the northern Kurds in Iraq, (d.N, Cairo, 1967). | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 81 PDF Download: 113 |
||