The image of the traditional working class has been shattered and replaced by Chavs image as a significant representation of the working-class in 21st century Britain. This paper aims to articulate working-class subjectivity and the struggle over the meaning of class in Gillian Slovo’s The Riots (2011). It aims to investigate working class culture as a significant interest that determines workers' life chances in modern society. The paper consults Bourdieu's main concept Habitus and Owen Jones' book Chavs: The Demonization of the working class which explores the class hatred during Thatcher's years. Working-class individuals become unemployed, drug abused, and criminals, eventually were forced to live in poverty of mind and body. Working-class individuals find themselves out of their works because of the government policy that plans to destroy them to remove any power that stands against their political decisions. Working-class individuals behavior, their language and taste become the main standards to identify their identity. Finding this new discourse is not a demonstration of poverty, exploitation and oppression or even alienation but the reflection of one's deviation and behavior. |
References
- Adiseshiah, S., & LePage, L. (2016). Twenty-First Century Drama: What Happens Now. Springer.
- Bell, C. (2013). The inner city and the ‘hoodie’. Wasafiri. 28(4). 38-44.
- Bourdieu P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
- Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford University press. USA.
- Briggs, D. (2012). The English riots of 2011: A Summer of Discontent. Waterside press. England.
- Cooper, C. (2012). Understanding the English “riots” of 2011: “mindless criminality” or youth “Mekin Histri” in austerity Britain? Youth and Policy.109(6). 6-26.
- Fuchs, C. (2003). Some implications of Pierre Bourdieu’s works for a theory of social self-organization. European Journal of Social Theory. 6(4). 387-408.
- Gilbert, H. R. (2019). Understanding working-class learning with Bourdieu: Yorkshire, 1820-1900. Doctoral dissertation at university of Leeds. UK.
- Gorz, A. (1997). Farewell to the working class: an essay on post-industrial socialism. Pluto Press.
- Jones, O. (2011). Chavs: The demonization of the working class. Verso.
- Kabo, R. (2015). Riot Noises: Verbatim Theatre Representations of the 2011 UK Riots and the Limits of Comprehension. Master’s dissertation at King’s College London. UK.
- Krais, B. (1993). Gender and symbolic violence: Female oppression in the light of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice. Bourdieu: critical perspectives. 2(1). 156-177
- Maton, K. (2008). Habitus. Pierre Bourdieu: key concepts. Routledge. 49-65.
- Newburn, T., Cooper, K., Deacon, R., & Diski, R. (2015). Shopping for free? Looting, consumerism and the 2011 riots. The British Journal of Criminology. 55(5). 987-1004.
- Riley, D. (2017). Bourdieu’s class theory. Catalyst. 1(2). 107-136.
- Shusterman, R. (1999). Bourdieu: A critical reader. USA: Wiley-Blackwell
- Slovo , G. (2011).The Riots. Oberon Books. London.
- Slovo, G. (2009). Every secret thing: my family, my country. Hachette UK.
- Sveinsson, K. P. (Ed.). (2009). Who cares about the white working class? Runnymede Trust Press. London.
- Wagner, B. (2015). People like us? People like them? Contemporary media representations of social class. Doctoral thesis at Manchester Metropolitan University. UK.
- Zizek, S. (2012). The Year of Dreaming Dangerously. Verso Books. London.
|