THE EFFECT OF FIRST AID TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSERY AND KINDERGARTEN SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MOSUL

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

THE EFFECT OF FIRST AID TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSERY AND KINDERGARTEN SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MOSUL

Suha J.Abdul-Lateef ¹*

1. Department of clinical nursing, College of Nursing, University of Mosul, City of Mosul, Iraq.

Corresponding author: Suha J.Abdul-Lateef

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ORCID

ABSTRACT

Children are the most liable group for accidental injuries. Nursery and kindergarten  teachers have a major role in preventing accidents  and saving lives of those injured children,  the study aimed to study the effect  of first aid training program on nursery school teachers` knowledge and practice. after obtaining a formal consent from the clinical nursing department.  A convenient sample of 56 teacher from both public and private nursery and kindergarten were selected in this pretest/posttest  study . A pre designated  questionnaire sheet was used to collect data from teachers which include :demographic data, question about knowledge and measures about first aid practical skills for affected children  . There was an observed improvement  in the number and percentage of the correct answers of all items of knowledge and practical  measures between pretest and posttest after implementing a training program on a statistical significant difference of a p-value of 0.0001. There was an observed increase in the teachers` knowledge and practical skills after applying first aid training program by the investigator. The study recommend  for an obligatory engagement in a training   first aid programs for nursery teachers  pre and post their employment.

Received - 05-06-2021, Reviewed - 08/07/2021, Revised/ Accepted- 03/08/2021

INTRODUCTION

First aid is an immediate intervention that has been conducted for a victims undergo sudden injury or illness, the early the intervention the less morbidity and mortality (Shaima, et al, 2018).

It is generally consist of series of simple and life saving techniques that an individual trained on with minimal equipment (Yosra ,K.H,2013) .

Emergency cases takes place   any where and at any time, at street , at home ,even at  school or kindergarten or nursery and small children susceptible to accidental injuries or sudden illness as they spend most of their day in kindergarten or nursery which is the best place to care of them in the absence of their parents ( Muneeswari,2014) .

Children are at risk for injury due to some factors related to their developmental and behavioral characteristics and their poor awareness of the danger of certain surrounding environmental risks and their small bodies, narrow air ways and more sensitive skin layer (Peden, et al, 2009).

Teachers are the first line of children protection and the responsible for their safety which is complements parent role, they must be well prepared to deal properly and promptly with any urgent child injury or event.(Lingard,H.,2002).

Teachers should  be always ready to deal with both serious and mild accidents in a safe manner, generally serious injuries  might takes place like : car accident ,falls ,drowning ,burns , suffocation , poisoning , which are the most common cause of children  injuries and death,  even minor injuries can form a big challenge to teachers who are not be able to intervene because they dot have proper knowledge about first aid  and not trained well to deal with such  cases .(Shaima, et al, 2018).

The Aim of the study : To study the effect of first aid   program on nursery and kindergarten school teachers.

Objectives of the study :

1. Assess the nursery and kindergarten school teachers knowledge and practices about first aid measures for childhood injuries and illness.
2. Organize and apply first aid  program for the teachers.
3. Evaluate the effect of the   program on nursery and kindergarten knowledge    and practice.

Rational of the study: Kindergarten and nursery is the second setting in which children spend  long period of time after home ,emergencies may occur at any time as injuries or sudden illness in the absence of parents.(Muneeswari,2014). Teachers of nursery and kindergarten play multi role in this period as care giver , supervisor, teacher, and preventer of unpredictable emergency health problems, so they should well prepared and trained for life saving measures with a sufficient knowledge and practice (Olympia et al, 2010).

METHOD

-Study Design:

To achieve the objectives of the study an experimental research design (pre- posttest) was adopted in the present study.

-Setting of the study:

The study was conducted in three nurseries and kindergarten  in Mosul city ( the nursery &kindergarten of the University of Mosul which is governmental nursey &kindergarten   (,Al-khutwa Al Oula  and Janat Addan) which are private nursery &kindergarten) .                                                     

-Sample and sampling technique :

A convenient sample of 56  nursery  &kindergarten school teachers was selected , 28 from governmental  and 28 from private nurseries after a verbal ethical agreement taken  from them .                                                 

-Period of the study :

The investigators were engaged in the study since ( 10 / January/ 2021  ) when the researchers select the subject of the study with their supervisor , data collected during a period of 1 month from 20 / 1 /2021 to 20 / 2 /2021 .

-Tool of the study:

In order to achieve the study aim and objectives a questionnaire sheet was constructed      and organized depending on  related literatures , it is constructed in Arabic language ,based on knowledge and practical multiple chose questions  arranged as   pre/ posttest to evaluate knowledge and skills or steps taken by  nursery and kindergarten  school teachers about first aid when  a child injuries takes place,   it is composed of two parts:-                      

Part 1 :- This part include (7) items which focused on the teachers demographic characteristics such as (age  ,sex  , residence, marital status,, level of education , years of experience as a teacher in nursery or kindergarten and type of training on first aid if it present).                                                                                                                   

Part 2 :- This part including the forma of pre/ posttest with  multiple choice  questions about the knowledge and steps of first aid   taken in consideration  the main and common childhood injuries and accidents  starting from the simple  to the more serious one that may happened at any time in the nursery or kindergarten , these questions divided into  four main areas ,each area have five sub question  as the following:

injuries of head  & face ( epistaxis, foreign body in eye, foreign body in nose and ear ,head injury or fall, fainting or sudden loss of consciousness after head trauma ),injuries  of the limbs(insect bite, simple burn, wound, electrical burn and shock , fractures)  , injuries or affection of respiratory system (aspiration of foreign body ,drowning, gases inhalation, asthmatic attack ,hemlock maneuver )  , and lastly cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( positioning , clearing airway, assess vital singe ,artificial breathing or lung aerations, cardiac massage ) ,one degree given to correct answer, while zero given to incorrect answer . Teachers knowledge was considered satisfactory if the result 50% or more and unsatisfactory when it is less than 50%.  Appendix (II) .In between pre and posttest the researchers organized a training first aid program ,it was a review of  all the previous types  of injuries for the teachers of nursery & kindergarten , this course include the knowledge and steps to save the life of these injured children ,training methods used include lectures , discussions, photos and  life demonstration   , the time of program was at the free rest time of the teachers   in the nursery, the program lasting 1-2 hours which nesses ate  repeated frequent training programs in order to cover all  of the selected sample.                                                                                                                     

-Validity and reliability:

The data collection  tool was tested  for content and validity and re organized according to the opinion of a panel of experts in the clinical nursing department to be more valid and suitable with the main aim and objectives of  the study  , the  Cronbach alpha coefficient test were used to assess reliability of the tool..

Statistical analysis

The collected data were compiled and analysed using percentages, mean, median, and Chi-square tests using SPSS version 20. P values of 0.05 were used as a cut-off point for the significance of the statistical test.

RESULTS

Table 1, show majority of the sample aging between 20-25 years , all of  the teachers from Mosul , 51 % of them were married and 51 %  have between 5-10 years experience,the qualification  of teachers were mainly bachelor.

Table 1. Socio-demographic data of the selected sample

Figure 1.  Distribution of the Studied Teachers According to their attendance to first aid program (No. = 56)

Table 2. Teachers’ knowledge about First Aid in Pretest and Posttest according to the correct answer

Table 3. Teachers Practice about First Aid in Pretest and Posttest according to the correct answer to practical questions