The Synergic Effect of Fly Ash and High Reactivity Attapulgite in Ternary Blended Cement | ||
| Engineering and Technology Journal | ||
| Article 6, Volume 37, 12A, December 2019, Pages 528-535 PDF (809.03 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.30684/etj.v37i12A.456 | ||
| Author | ||
| Shubbar J. Al-Obaidey | ||
| Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The main objective is to study the synergic effect of fly ash (FA) and high reactivity Attapulgite (HRA) together in ternary blended cement of (OPC+FA+HRA) and evaluate the efficiency factor of FA and HRA in binary blended cement and (FA+HRA) in ternary blended cement. To achieve this objective compressive strength of binary blended cement mixes of (OPC+FA) with FA replacement percentages of (20 %, 30% and 40%), (OPC+HRA) with HRA replacement percentages of (5 and 10%) by weight of cement and ternary blended cement mixes of (OPC+FA+5% and/or 10%HRA). Were tested and compared with that of reference mix at ages of (7, 28, 56 and 90) days to assess the synergic effect of FA and HRA in ternary blended cement. The results showed that using ternary blended cement of (OPC+FA+5% and/or 10%HRA) led to increasing compressive strength relative to binary blended cement mixes of (OPC+FA) at the same replacement percentages by weight of cement. More significant increments in compressive strength were noticed at the age of 7 days. The results also showed that the efficiency factors calculated according to the modified bolmoy΄s equation for ternary blended cement were always higher than their corresponding binary blended cement of (OPC+.FA). | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Fly ash; High reactivity Attapulgite; Binary blended cement; Ternary blended cement | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] C. R. Gagg,” Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal and case study analysis”, Elsavir, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 40, May 2014, pp. 114-140. [2] P.K Mehta,” Greening of concrete industry for sustainable development”, 2002, 24, pp.23-28. [3] Global Cement Market Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecasts 2019-2024”, February,2019. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/nr b3b7/global_cement?w=12 [4] C. Shia, F. Jiménez, A. Palomob,” New cements for the 21st century: The pursuit of an alternative to Portland cement”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 41, Issue 7, July 2011, pp.750-763. [5] M. D. A. Thomas, M. H. Shehata, S. G. Shashiprikash,” The use of fly ash in concrete: classification by composition”, Cem Concr Aggr 1999;21(2):105–10. [6] Ghosh SN, Sarkar LS, Mineral admixtures in cement and concrete. In: Progress in cement and concrete, 1st ed. New Delhi: ABI Books; 1993, pp. 565. [7] R.K. Dhir, M. R. Jones,”Development of chloride-resisting concrete using fly ash Fuel”, 1999; 78(2):137–42. [8] K. Mala, A. K. Mullick, K. K. Jain, and P. K. Singh,” Effect of Relative Levels of Mineral Admixtures on Strength of Concrete with Ternary Cement Blend”, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, Vol.7, No.3, September 2013, pp.239–249. [9] S. Antiohos, K. Maganari, S. Tsimas,” Evaluation of blends of high and low calcium fly ashes for use as supplementary cementing materials”, Cement & Concrete Composites 27 (2005), 349–356. [10] M. Khokhar, E. Rozière, P. Turcry, F. Grondin, A. Loukili,” Mix design of concrete with high content of mineral additions: Optimisation to improve early age strength”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Elsevier, 2010, 32 (5), pp.377-38 [11] Iraqi standard Specification No.5/1984 “Portland Cement” Central Orgnanization for Standardization and Quality Control, Baghdad. [12] Iraqi Standard Specification No.45/1984 “Aggregate of Natural Sources Using in Concrete and Building” Central Orgnanization for Standardization and Quality Control, Baghdad. [13] K. J. Frayyeh, W. A. Abbas and S. H. Malik, ”Investigation About the Iraqi Attapulgite Clay as a Mineral Admixture for Concrete”, Eng & Tech. J., Vol.32, part (A), No.10,( 2014). [14] ASTM C 618 – 05" Standard Spcification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2003. [15] S., Goyal, M. Kumar, & B. Bhattacharjee, “Effect of relative proportion of pozzolana on compressive strength of concrete under different curing conditions”, International Journal of Engineering, 2(1) (2008), 20–34. [16] A. M. Neville, "Properties of Concrete", Fourth and Final Edition Standards updated to 2002, pp.654-655. [17] W. A. Abbas, K. J. Frayyeh and S. J. AlObaidey, ” The Effect of Using Multi Types of Mineral Admixtures on Some Properties of Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete”, Engineering and Technology Journal, Vol. 37, Part C, No. 1, 2019 [18] R.T. Hemmings, E. E. Berry, “On the glass in coal fly ashes: recent advances”, Presented at the MRS Symposium, Vol. 113. Pittsburgh, USA; 1988, pp 3. [19] A. L. A. Fraay, J. M. Bijen, Y. M. de Haan, “ The reaction of fly ash in concrete. A critical examination” Cement and Concrete Research 19(2):235-246. Mar 1989. [20] A. M. Caldarone,” High-Strength Concrete - A Practical Guide”, First Edition, 2009, pp. 33- 39. [21] K. J. Frayyeh, W. A. Abbas and S. J. AlObaidey, “Fresh and hardened properties of lightweight self-compacting concrete containing attapulgite”, Eng & Tech. J., Vol.34, part (A), No. 9, (2016). [22] C.K. Sridhar, S.B. Vanakudre,” Strength Efficiency Factor for Nano Silica at Different Age”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology, Print ISSN: 2349- 8404; Online ISSN: 2349-879X; Volume 1, Number 3; pp. 32-35, August, 2014. [23] V.G. Papadakis, S. Antiohos, S. Tsimas,” Supplementary cementing materials in concrete Part II: A fundamental estimation of the efficiency factor”, Cement and Concrete Research, 32, (2002), 1533–1538. [24] J. Bolomey,” Determination of the compressive strength of mortars and concretes” Bull Tech Suisse Romande, 1927; 16 (22 and 24). | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 241 PDF Download: 119 |
||