Characteristics of Energy States and their Calculation Using IBM-1 and IVBM of Isotones 180HF, 182W, 184Os, 186Pt | ||
| Kirkuk Journal of Science | ||
| Article 3, Volume 16, Issue 1, March 2021, Pages 48-72 PDF (1.06 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.167894 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohammed Ali Ahmed Alnejm* | ||
| General Directorate of Nineveh Education, Ministry of Education, Mosul, Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The positive ground-state band (GSB) of isotones for N = 108 has been calculated using the Interacting Bosons Model (IBM-1), and Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM), while the negative-parity band (NPB) of , has been calculated using the (IVBM). since (IBM-1) have different calculation according to the characteristics of each nucleus, these characteristics were identified using different method, Plotting the relation of the moment of inertia ( ) against the rotational frequency of the emitted photons ( ) during nuclear transition between different energy states were determined, The calculation shows that nucleus do not have any back-bending effect which indicates that its characteristics have not changed, While have a back-bending which indicate that a change in their characteristics. Also using the relation between different excited states energies to their preceding values, one can determine the characteristic of each nucleus which shows a rotational characteristics for nucleus, while have transitional characteristics between the two vibrational and rotational challenges, To get to know the characteristics of the nucleus more accurately the relation of the gamma energy over spin ( ) as a function of the spin (I) E-GOS was drown, the calculation showed pure rotational characteristic for nucleus, While the nuclei have gamma soft O(6) characteristic, When staggering phenomena between (NPB) and (GSB) has been studied, The contour plot show that nucleus did not reach zero value which refer to the constancy of their characteristics. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Interacting Boson Model; Interacting Vector Boson Model; Back bending; Staggering The isotones | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] Kenneth S. Krane, "Introductory Nuclear physics" , 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 142-145 New York(1987).
[2] Herman Feshbach and Francesco Iachello,"The Interacting Boson Model" Physics Letters B.45(1) 7 (1973).
[3] Akito Arima and Francesco Iachello, "Boson symmetries in vibrational nuclei", Physics Letter B, 53(4), 309 (1974).
[4] Carl Frierich Von Weizsacker, "Zur Theorie der kernmassen", Zeitschrift für Physik., 96(7) P.431 (1935).
[5] Dmitri Ivanenko, "The neutron hypothesis", Nature, 129 (3265) 2 (1932).
[6] Walter E. Meyerhof, "Elements of Nuclear physicsˮ McGraw-Hill, Ed. Condon E.U University of Colorado, New York P.6-47 (1976).
[7] Aage Bohr and Ben R. Mottelson, "Collective and Individual –Particle Aspects of Nuclear Structure",1st Edition, Kobinhagin University, Denmark (1953).
[8] Richard F. Casten and David D. Warner, "Interacting Boson Approximation ", Reviews of Modern Physics 60(2), 389-465 (1988).
[9] Sven Aberg, "An Investigation of Yrast Traps in some Prolate Hf Isotopes ", Nuclear Physics A 306(1-2), 89-100 (1978).
[10] Kosuke Numora, Takaharu Otuska, R. Rodriguez-Guzman, Luis. M. Robledo, Perdo Sarriguren, "Collective Structural Evolution in Netron-Rich Yb, Hf ,W, Os and Pt isotopes", Physical Review C.84 (5), 12 (2011).
[11] Huda Hashem Kassim and Fadhil Ismail Sharrad, " O(6) Symetry of even Isotopes under the Framework of IBM-1", International Journal of Science and Research, 3(7),2189-2198( 2014).
[12] Imad. M. Ahmed , Mushtaq Abed Al-Jubbori, "The rotational–vibrational properties of 178− 188Os isotopes ", Indian Journal of Physics, 89 ,1085-1091(2015).
[13] Huda Hashem Kassim, Amir A. Mohammed-Ali, Fadhil Ismail Sharrad, Imam Hossain and Khalid S. Jassim, " Nuclear structure of Even178−182Hf Isotopes Under the Framework of Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1) ", Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 42(2) 993–999(2018).
[14] Tareer, Saleem Hamza, "Studding the structure nuclear for Even-Even Isotopes Using Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1) ", MSc Thesis Submitted to science college, Babel University, Iraq (2006). (In Arabic)
[15] Mushtaq Abed Al-Jubbori, Huda H. Kassim, Alyaa A. Abd-Aljbar, Hewa Y. Abdullah, Imam Hossain, Imad M. Ahmed and Fadhil I. Sharrad, "Nuclear structure of the even–even rare-earth Er–Os nuclei for N = 102", Indian Journal of Physics, 94(3) 379 –390(2020).
[16] Huben Ganev, Valdimir P.Garistor and A.I. Georgieva, "Description of the Ground and octupole Bands In the symplectic Extension of the Interacting Vector Boson Model ", Physics Review C. 69(1) 014305 (2004).
[17] Ahmed Mohamed Ismail "Thoretical studies of Nuclear shapes for some Lanthanide and Actinid isotopes", PhD Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Egypt (2012) .
[18] Akito. Arima, and Francesco Iachello, "Bosons symmetries in Vibrational Nuclei ", Physics Letter B. 53(4) 304 (1974).
[19] Kris Heyde, Jolie Jan, Piet Van Isacker, Joel Moreau, and Michel Waroquier, "High-Spin states and the Boson Cut-off in Rotational Nuclei: Application to Even-Even Dy Nuclei ", Physical Review 29(4)1428 (1984).
[20] Bonatsos Dennis, "Intracting Bosons Models of Nuclear Structure ", Clarendon Press Oxford (1988).
[21] Piet Van Isacker, "The Interacting Boson Model ", Nuclear Structure and Decay Data: Theory and Evaluation Workshop (2005).
[22] Mushtaq Abed AL-Jubbori, " Backbending Phenomenon In Even-Even Cerium Isotopes", Diyala Journal for Pure Sciences,10(2), 39-51(2014). (In Arabic)
[23] A. Johnson, H. Ryde, and J. Sztarkier, "Evidence for a Singularity in the Nuclear Rotational Bands Stricture", Physics Letter B., 43(7) 605 (1971).
[24] Shaw Ming Wong, "Introductory Nuclear physics", prentice Hall International, London (1990).
[25] Raymond A. Sorenson, "Nuclear Moment of Inertia at High Spin", Review of Modern Physics 45(3), 353 (1973).
[26] Mushtaq Abed AL-Jibori, “Computer New Simulation of the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1) To Determine the Properties of Even-Even Isotopes ", MSc Thesis submitted to Education College, Mosul University, Iraq (2008). (In Arabic)
[27] Hara Kenji and Sun Yang, " Studies of High Spin States in Rare Earth Nuclei Using the Angular Momentum Projection Method ", Nuclear Physics A, 520, 445-466 (1991).
[28] Bengtsson Ranger and Stefan Frauendrof, "Qusi-particle Spectra New Yrast Line", Nuclear Physics A .327(1), 139-171 (1974).
[29] Ali M. Khalaf and Ahmed Mohamed Ismail, "Structure Shape Evolution in Lanthanide and Actinide Nuclei", Progress in Physics, 2, 98 (2013).
[30] Bonatsos Dennis and Leondiyas D. Skoures, " Successive Energy Ratios in Mediumand Heavy-Mass Nuclei as Indicators of Different Kinds of Collectivity ", Physical Review C., 43(3), 952-956 (1991).
[31] Imad Mamduh Ahmed and Waffa Mohamed Najeb, "Characteristics of the yrast levels of even-even “, Mosul University, Journal of Education and Science, 23(2), 104-119 (2010). (In Arabic)
[32] Paddy H. Regan, Carl Wheldon, Yamamoto A. Daisako, J. J Valiente-Dobon "Vibrational and Rotational Sequences in 101Mo and 103,4Ru Studied via Multinucleon Transfer Reaction ", Acta Physica Polonica B. 36(4)1318-1319 (2005).
[33] Scholten Olaf, " The Interacting Boson Model and Some Applications", PhD thesis university of Groningen, Nether lands (1980).
[34] Paddy. H. Regan, Cornelius W. Beausang, V.N. Zamfir, Rechared F. Casten, Z. Jineye, Daisako A. Yamamoto, Mark. A. Caprio, Gulhan Gürdal, Adam A. Hecht, Christine B. Hatter, Reiner Krücken, ,S.D. Langdown, David A. Meyer,and J.J.Ressler, "Signature for Vibrationa to Rotational Evolution Along the Yrast Line ", Physical Review Letter 90(15) 12502(1-4)(2003).
[35] Raymond K. Sheline, and P. C. Sood, " Octupole Deformation at High Spin in the Ba-Sm Region ", Physical Review C. 34(6) 2362-2364 (1986).
[36] Bonatsos Dennis, Daskaloyannis Costas, S.B. Drenska, N. Karoussos, Nikolay Minkov, Peter P. Raychev, Rostislav P. Roussev, "I=1 Staggering in Octupole Bands of Light Actinides: Beat Patterns", Physical Review C. 62(2) 024301 (2000).
[37] Raya.M. Asherova, Dmitry V. Fursa, Ana Georgieva, Yu. F. Smirnov, " Interacting vector boson model and other versions of interacting boson approximation ", journal of physics G:Nuclear and particle physics, 19 (11), 1898(1993).
[38] Elizabeth A. McCutchan, "Nuclear data sheets for A=180 ", Physical Review C 94, 064304 (2016).
[39] Balraj Singh, "Nuclear data sheets for A=182", Nuclear Data Sheets 130, 21(2015).
[40] Coral M. Baglin ," Nuclear data sheets for A=184" , Nuclear Data Sheets 111, 275(2010) .
[41] Coral. M. Baglin , "Nuclear data sheets for A=186" , Nuclear Data Sheets 99, 1(2003). | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 300 PDF Download: 225 |
||