A Comparison of Professional Pioneering as Exemplified by Thomas Cook`s Packaged Tour to the Theoretical Innovation of Abraham Maslow`s Hierarchy of Human Needs | ||
| Al-Ma'mon College Journal | ||
| Article 1, Volume 0, Issue 27, September 2018, Pages 76-102 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Despite the fact that more than 100 years had separated the time when Thomas Cook introduced the Packaged Tour (1846) and the time Abraham Maslow chose to present the Hierarchy of Human Needs (1960), they shared numerous similarities and at the same time differed vastly especially in respect to the nature of each proposed innovation and its ability to endure the impact of social, economic, cultural and temporal changes. The Packaged Tour as an organized form of travel was able to continue to be utilized – with some limited alterations and adjustments, whereas the Hierarchy of Human Needs almost lost its original unique allure and many attempts have been made to alter, modify and even disregard it. Could these differences be attributed to the position of each innovative model on the practical- theoretical continuum? Or the innovative scale employed? Or maybe caused by both persons exploring the frontier of knowledge of their respective field or the practical extent of the travel model as compared to the theoretical dimensions of the needs model? Any of these matters could count for the differences between the two innovations and this study was designed to investigate this and come up with explicit answers to these questions and propose new, contemporary human needs to improve the questioned accuracy of Maslow`s model and also show how travel as provided by the Packaged Tour could fulfill and satisfy these new human needs and help individuals reach the highest of the five originally proposed needs. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Travel arrangement; Packaged Tour; Thomas Cook; Human Needs; Hierarchy of Human Needs and Abraham Maslow | ||
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